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Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae/Leguminosae)

(Syns.: T. occidentalis Gaertn.; T. officinalis Hook.; T. umbrosa Salisb.)

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Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants

Abstract

A large tree native to India, Asia, tropical Africa, widespread in the Amazonia and the Caribbean. The fruit is valued in India as being refrigerant, digestive, carminative and laxative, and useful in febrile states and costiveness. Pulp and leaves are applied externally as a paste or poultice on inflammatory swellings. Muslim authors described two kinds of tamarind ; the red, small-seeded, and the very common reddish-brown variety; the first being the best. Muslim physicians consider the fruit-pulp cardiacal, astringent, and aperient, useful for checking bilious vomiting, and for purging the system of bile and adust humours. When used as an aperient it should be given with a very small quantity of fluid. The seeds are said to be good astringent, boiled they are used as a poultice to boils; pounded with water they are applied to the crown of the head in cough and relaxation of the uvula. Leaves crushed with water and expressed yield an acid fluid, which is said to be useful in bilious fevers, and scalding of the urine. The bark is considered to possess astringent and tonic properties. The fruit-pulp is purgative of bile and reduces blood heat, and quenches thirst. Seed-pulp is astringent and is useful to treat nocturnal emissions and thinness of semen. Besides India, it is used in traditional medicines of Africa, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and other tropical countries for treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea and dysentery, helminths infections, wound healing, malaria and fever, constipation, inflammation, gonorrhea, and eye diseases. It is one of the most commonly used plant drugs in traditional medicines of Africa; the fruits are used as laxative or febrifuge throughout the Sahel and Sudan; while the leaves are used to treat diarrhea in East Africa, the West Africans use bark for the same purpose, and both leaves and bark are used to treat wounds in central West Africa. It contains glycosides, flavonoids and saponins. Significant amount of total phenolics are found in fruits that correlate with their high antioxidant activity. Dried and pulverized fruit-pulp significantly reduced TC and LDL-C, and DBP in healthy Bangladeshi volunteers.

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    Shahid Akbar

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Akbar, S. (2020). Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae/Leguminosae). In: Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_179

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