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Cancer Epidemiology and Screening

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International Manual of Oncology Practice

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Abstract

The world is facing an increase in the cancer incidence and mortality, making malignant neoplasms one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This increasing trend is predicted to continue in the next decades, with an estimated >23 million new cases and 13 million deaths caused by cancer by 2030. Excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers are the most common, while lung, liver, stomach, colorectal, breast, and esophageal cancers have the highest mortality rate. The prevalence of cancer in developed countries is >two-fold that in developing countries, however, cancer rates are expected to rise among developing countries, because of the ageing, population growth, and the adoption of unhealthy western lifestyle habits. Delivering high quality cancer care at an affordable cost is one of the main challenges for health care professionals and policy makers. The global cost of cancer in 2008 due to premature death and disability, excluding direct medical costs, was estimated at $895 billion in the United States. Measures to reduce the incidence of cancer include the avoidance and modification of risk factors, vaccination against oncogenic biologic agents and the early detection of risk lesions through screening programs.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil

    Gustavo Trautman Stock & Pedro Nazareth Aguiar Jr.

  2. Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Hakaru Tadokoro

  3. Division of Medical Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) & Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ramon Andrade De Mello

  4. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ramon Andrade De Mello

Authors
  1. Gustavo Trautman Stock
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  2. Pedro Nazareth Aguiar Jr.
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  3. Hakaru Tadokoro
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  4. Ramon Andrade De Mello
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramon Andrade De Mello .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) & Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ramon Andrade De Mello

  2. Oncology Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece

    Giannis Mountzios

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Álvaro A. Tavares

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Stock, G.T., Aguiar, P.N., Tadokoro, H., De Mello, R.A. (2019). Cancer Epidemiology and Screening. In: De Mello, R., Mountzios, G., Tavares, Á. (eds) International Manual of Oncology Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16245-0_1

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