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Sunscreen-Based Skin Protection Against Solar Insult: Molecular Mechanisms and Opportunities

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Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Solar ultraviolet (UV) photons are established environmental carcinogens. Sunscreens (small molecule organic filters that absorb solar UV-photons and particle-sized inorganic filters that reflect and scatter UV-photons) are important topical solar photoprotectants and cancer chemopreventive molecular agents. Based on the emerging consensus that broad-spectrum photoprotection is an effective key component of a sun-safe strategy to reduce lifetime exposure to detrimental cumulative doses of solar UV light, much effort has been directed towards the identification, development, and optimization of photoprotectants that prevent and attenuate solar skin damage, a topic of particular relevance to high-risk patients such as immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients and individuals suffering from conditions associated with extreme photosensitivity. Generally, sunscreen development has aimed at (a) increased absorbance with broadened spectral coverage over the whole UVA/B spectrum, (b) optimized photostability of UV-active chromophores, and (c) prolonged skin residence time with minimal skin penetration and lack of off-target activity and systemic availability upon topical application. Extensive research has focused on the identification of targeted molecular interventions and agents that are expected to synergize with sunscreens and may also provide photoprotective benefit if used in stand-alone topical regimens (referred to as “non-sunscreen photoprotection”) through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Importantly, recent legislation that responds to ecotoxicological concerns associated with sunscreen use that damages marine environments emphasizes an urgent need for the continuous development of more efficacious and safer molecular and nonmolecular strategies for skin photoprotection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Andrea Krajisnik, Jessica Perer & Georg T. Wondrak

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  1. Andrea Krajisnik
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  2. Jessica Perer
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  3. Georg T. Wondrak
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Correspondence to Georg T. Wondrak .

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  1. University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA

    David S. Alberts

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Lisa M. Hess

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Krajisnik, A., Perer, J., Wondrak, G.T. (2019). Sunscreen-Based Skin Protection Against Solar Insult: Molecular Mechanisms and Opportunities. In: Alberts, D., Hess, L. (eds) Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15935-1_12

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