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Potential of Microalgae for Integrated Biomass Production Utilizing CO2 and Food Industry Wastewater

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Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

The concomitant generation of renewable energy and material resources with distinct environmental applications for CO2 mitigation and wastewater treatment is one of the hallmarks of microalgal research. Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms with simple growth requirements (light, CO2, N, P, and K) that can synthesize commodity biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and high-value metabolites in large amount over a short period of time. Requirement of microalgae for C, N, P, and K is usually met by providing technical grade chemicals which ultimately increases the cost of biomass production. However, since microalgae have the potential to utilize CO2 as well as N, P, and K from wastewater, high-density cultivation of microalgae can be accomplished by utilizing wastewater and CO2.

Microalgae biomass produced through CO2 fixation and wastewater treatment can potentially be used for the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and feed grade products. The use of wastewater with co-utilization of CO2 for microalgae cultivation is beneficial since it reduces the requirements of freshwater and essential nutrients (N, P, and K). Wastewater generated from domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities contains a variety of ingredients which can be utilized as a cultivation medium for microalgae. Cultivation of microalgae using wastewater also helps in removal of COD, nitrates, and phosphates aiding its safe disposal and/or utilization. This chapter summarizes the potential of microalgae for integrated biomass production utilizing CO2 and food industry wastewater. The authors focus on the concepts and application of CO2 and wastewater utilization by microalgae. The challenges and future needs for cultivation of microalgae in wastewater are also reviewed.

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  1. Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India

    Jitendra Mehar, Ajam Shekh, Nethravathy Uthaiah Malchira & Sandeep Mudliar

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  1. Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta

  2. Institute for Water and Wastewater Technologies, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Faizal Bux

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Mehar, J., Shekh, A., Uthaiah Malchira, N., Mudliar, S. (2019). Potential of Microalgae for Integrated Biomass Production Utilizing CO2 and Food Industry Wastewater. In: Gupta, S., Bux, F. (eds) Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13909-4_3

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