Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Transboundary River Basins

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Water Resources of Turkey

Part of the book series: World Water Resources ((WWR,volume 2))

Abstract

Transboundary water courses provide roughly 70 km3/year or 40% of the gross surface water potential originating in Turkey. The Euphrates-Tigris Basin represents about four fifths of this figure; the rest is contributed by the basins Orontes, Kura-Araks, Chorokhi, Maritza, and a few other quite small basins. Turkey is the upstream riparian in the Euphrates-Tigris, Kura-Araks, Chorokhi, and the small basins, and a downstream riparian in the Orontes and Maritza basins. The total water potential of the Euphrates-Tigris Basin exceeds 90 km3/y, where Turkey provides, in rough figures, 60%, Iraq 25%, Iran 10% (excluding Kharkeh), and Syria 5% of it. In Turkey, the average water potential of Euphrates is around 32 km3/y, and that in Tigris around 24 km3/y, including tributaries flowing directly to downstream countries. Ultimately, as a long-term average, half of the Euphrates-Tigris water potential originating from Turkey, about 40% in Euphrates and 65% in Tigris, will continue to flow towards the downstream countries. However, the amount of water in any allocation agreement should be set according to different levels of probabilities of discharges because of the significant stochastic variation of discharges, even after regulation by the huge reservoirs in Turkey. The water potential of the transboundary Euphrates-Tigris Basin is quoted with large differences according to various sources; hence, the determination of the accurate water potential is an essential prerequisite for any allocation among riparian states and eventual diversions to other middle-eastern countries. The water potential of the Euphrates Subbasin appears to be insufficient in Iraq so that the excess water of the Tigris Subbasin should be transferred to Euphrates to satisfy the irrigation needs along the Euphrates banks in Iraq.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akmandor N, Pazarci H, Koni H (1994) Orta Dogu ulkelerinde su sorunu. TESAV Toplumsal, Ekonomik, Siyasal Arastirmalar Vakfi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Akuzum T, Kodal S, Cakmak B (1997) Irrigation management in GAP. Int J Water Resour Dev 4:547–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alpaslan A, Harmancioglu N (2001) Turkiye’de ve Dunya’da su politikalari. III. Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, Izmir, pp 111–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Altinbilek D (1997) Water and land resources development in southeastern Turkey. Int J Water Resour Dev 3:311–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altinbilek D (2004) Development and management of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. Int J Water Resour Dev 1:15–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altinbilek D, Akcakoca H (1997) Innovative approaches in water resources development in the southeastern Anatolia project. Int J Water Resour Dev 4:485–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari NA, Knutsson S (2011) Toward prudent management of water resources in Iraq. J Adv Sci Eng Res 1:53–67

    Google Scholar 

  • ASCE (2004) The trans-boundary sharing of water in times of water scarcity. American Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental and Water Resources Institute, Reston

    Google Scholar 

  • Avci I, Yanik B (1997) Sinirasan ve sinir olusturan su kaynaklarimiz: potansiyel, su talepleri ve sorunlari. In: Su Kongresi ve Sergisi ‘97, Makina Muhendisleri Odasi ve 15 Diger Meslek Odasi, Istanbul, pp 7–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Ay M, Karaca OF, Yildiz AK (2017) Trend analysis of streamflow in the Euphrates-Tigris basin. In: Second IWA regional symposium – The past, present and future of world’s water resources, Proceedings CD, International Water Association, Cesme, pp 104–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Aydogdu MH, Yenigun K (2008) Turkiye’nin en buyuk entegre su kaynaklari projesi GAP’ta sulama ve drenaj sistemlerinin ozet degerlendirmesi. In: TMMOB 2.Su politikalari kongresi, bildiriler kitabi, vol. 1, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 159–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagis AI (ed) (1994) Water as an element of cooperation and development in the Middle East. Hacettepe University and Friedrich-Naumann-Foundation, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagis AI (1997) Turkey’s hydropolitics of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. Int J Water Resour Dev 4:567–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran T, Cakmakoglu O (2001) Aras havzasi su potansiyeli. In: III. Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, Izmir, pp 629–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Baran T, Harmancioglu N, Ozis U (1987) Turkiye’nin akarsu havzalarinda karst pinar katkilari. In: IX. Teknik Kongre bildiriler kitabi, vol. 2, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 299–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Baran T, Demirci N, Ozis U (1995) Dicle havzasinin Cizre akim gozlem istasyonunda su potansiyeli. In: Insaat Muhendisliginde Gelismeler, II. Teknik Kongre bildiriler kitabi, Bogazici Universitesi, Istanbul, pp 233–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Baran T, Sayar E, Ozis U (1997) Asi havzasi su potansiyeli. In: Insaat Muhendisliginde Gelismeler III. Teknik Kongresi bildiriler kitabi, vol. 3, Ortadogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, pp 667–678

    Google Scholar 

  • Baran T, Ozis U, Ozdemir Y (2006) Sinir-asan Asi havzasi su potansiyeli ve yararlanilmasi. In: TMMOB Su politikalari kongresi, bildiriler kitabi, vol. 2, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 571–581

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskan A (2011) Liberalization of Turkey’s hydroelectricity sector. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 83–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayazit M, Avci I (1997) Water resources of Turkey: potential, planning, development and management. Int J Water Resour Dev 4:443–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilen O (1994) Prospects for technical cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris basin. In: Biswas AK (ed) International waters of the Middle East from Euphrates-Tigris to Nile. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 95–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilen O (1996) (2.pr. 2000a) Ortadogu su sorunlari ve Turkiye. TESAV Toplumsal, Ekonomik, Siyasal Arastirmalar Vakfi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilen O (1997) (2.pr. 2000b) Turkey and water issues in the Middle East. Southeastern Anatolia Project Regional Development Administration, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilen O (2003) Cevre emperyalizmi ve Ilisu baraji ornegi. Avrasya-Bir Vakfi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilen O (2009) Turkiye’nin su gundemi: su yonetimi ve AB su politikalari. Devlet Su Isleri, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas AK (ed) (1994) International waters of the Middle East from Euphrates-Tigris to Nile. Oxford University Press, Bombay

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas AK, Tortajada C (2001) Development and large dams: a global perspective. Int J Water Resour Dev 1:9–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosnjakovic B (2000) Regulation of international watercourses under the UN/ECE regional agreements. Water Int 4:544–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt D, Sen OL (2013) Climate change impacts in the Euphrates-Tigris basin based on different model and scenario simulations. J Hydrol 480:149–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cano JG (1989) The development of the law of international water resources and the work of the international law commission. Water Int 3:167–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen ZQR, Kavvas ML, Ohara N, Anderson ML, Yoon J (2011a) Coupled regional hydroclimate model and its application to the Tigris-Euphrates basin. J Hydrol Eng 12:1059–1070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen ZQR, Kavvas ML, Ohara N, Anderson ML, Yoon J (2011b) Impact of water resources utilization on the hydrology of Mesopotamian marhlands. J Hydrol Eng 12:1083–1092

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Congar B (1994) Harran-Ceylanpinar ovalarinda yillik yeraltisuyu bilancolarinin GAP projesi uygulanmasi ile degisimi. In: 2. Erguvanli Muhendislik Jeolojisi Kollokyumu, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Istanbul, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalkilic Y, Harmancioglu N (2008) Avrupa Birligi su cerceve direktifinin Turkiye’de uygulama olanaklari. In: TMMOB 2. Su politikalari kongresi, bildiriler kitabi, vol. 2, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 415–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Disisleri Bakanligi (1996) Orta-Dogu’da su sorunu. T.C. Disisleri Bakanligi, Bolgesel ve Sinirasan Sular Dairesi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Dmitrov D, Balabanova S, Koshinchanov G (2008) Floods information and forecasting services. In: Taskin konferansi, Devlet Su Isleri XI. Bolge Mudurlugu, Edirne, pp 38–46

    Google Scholar 

  • DSI (1961 to 1995) Rasat yilliklari (1959 ila 1989). Devlet Su Isleri, Etut ve Plan Dairesi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • DSI (1995) Haritali istatistik bulteni. Devlet Su Isleri, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • DSI (Uskay S, Taskapilioglu E, Gurkan N, Palali Y, Toprakoglu H, Abidoglu A, Koknel B) (1980) Guneydogu Anadolu Projesi, Devlet Su Isleri, Etud ve Plan Dairesi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • EIE (1955 to 1993) Akim neticeleri (1936 ila 1989). Elektrik Isleri Etud Idaresi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • EIE (1985) Coruh nehri havzasi enerji imkanlari. Elektrik Isleri Etud Idaresi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Eroglu V (2006) Taskinlarin havza bazinda yonetimi. In: 1. Ulusal taskin sempozyumu, Devlet Su Isleri, Ankara, pp 3–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Fistikoglu O, Ozdemir Y, Ozis U (2008) Firat-Dicle havzasinda akislarin barajla duzenlenmesi. Su ve enerji konferansi, bildiriler kitabi, vol. 2, Devlet Su Isleri XXVI. Bolge Mudurlugu, Artvin, pp 33–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunduz DN (2006) Meric-Arda-Tunca nehirleri taskin yonetimi calismalari. In: 1. Ulusal taskin sempozyumu, Devlet Su Isleri, Ankara, pp 123–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadithi AHA (1978) Optimal utilization of the water resources of the Euphrates river in Iraq. Dissertation. University of Arizona

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu N (1986) Impact of economic factors on development of lower Euphrates Basin in Turkey. In: Water Power 85 – International conference on Hydropower, 1985 Las Vegas, American Society of Civil Engineers

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu N, Cetinkaya CP (2016) Euphrates and Tigris basins. In: Singh VP (ed) Handbook of applied hydrology, 2nd edn. Mcgraw Hill, New York, Chapter 99, pp 99.1–99.4

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu N, Ozis U (1978) Enerji bedellerinin degisimine Asagi Firat planlamasinin duyarligi. DSI Teknik Bulteni 42:3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu N, Ozis U (1981) Enerji buhrani ve Ataturk Baraji. Ege Universitesi, Insaat Fakultesi Dergisi, Ataturk’un 100.dogum yili ozel sayisi: 451–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu N, Ozis U (1983) Dynamics of water resources development: lower Euphrates case, Turkey. In: Bayazit M (ed) Application of system analysis on water resources development, NATO Workshop, 1983 Istanbul, Technical University, Istanbul, Rep. 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Kankal M, Uzlu E (2014) The status of transboundary rivers of Turkey. Water Resour 41:649–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karadamur SE, Hadid B (1992) Hydraulic structures on Euphrates river. In: International conference on protection and development of the Nile and other major rivers, Proceedings, vol. 2/2, pp 8.1–8.14

    Google Scholar 

  • Karakaya B (1996) The controversy over water in the Middle East and the world. In: Water conflict in the Middle East. Aydinlar Ocagi, Ankara, pp 11–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Karatas A (2016) Sustainable water management in Hatay. In: Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul, pp 111–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Karpuzcu M, Gurol MD, Bayar S (eds) (2009) Transboundary waters and Turkey. Institute of Technology, Gebze

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavvas ML, Chen ZQ, Anderson ML, Ohara N, Joon JY, Xiang F (2011) A study of water balances over the Tigris-Euphrates watershed. Phys Chem World 36:197–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A (1995) Prospects for cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin. In: Turkish Review of Middle East Studies, Annual 1994/95, Foundation for Middle East and Balkan studies (OBIV), Istanbul, pp 137–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A (1997) Firat-Dicle havzasinda su sorununa kapsamli bir bakis. In: Sinir asan sularimiz, Celal Bayar Universitesi Yuksek Ogrenim Vakfi, Manisa, pp 3–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A (2000) Institutions for effective use of the Euphrates-Tigris waters. In: IWRA Xth World Water Congress, International Water Resources Association, Melbourne, Sec J-L, Paper 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A (2002) Building a regime for the waters of the Euphrates-Tigris river basin. Kluwer Law International, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A (2008a) Meric nehri havzasi sinir asan su politikalari. In: Taskin konferansi, Devlet Su Isleri XI. Bolge Mudurlugu, Edirne, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A (2008b) Kuresel iklim degisikliginin sinirasan su kaynaklari politikasina etkileri. In: TMMOB 2.Su politikalari kongresi, bildiriler kitabi, vol. 2, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 347–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Baskan A (2011) Turkey’s water policy framework. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 8–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Gursoy SI (2015) Water development and poverty reduction. Water Int 5–6:824–838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) (2016) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W (2011) Euphrates-Tigris rivers system political rapprochement and transboundary water cooperation. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 277–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W (2013) Evolution of transboundary politics in the Euphrates-Tigris river systems: new perspectives and political challenges. Glob Gov 19:279–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Sumer V (2016) Transboundary water relations in the Asi Basin: the case of Syrian-turkish relations. In: Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul, pp 139–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Unver O (2000) An institutional framework for facilitating cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin. Int Negot 2:311–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A; Klaphake A, Kramer A, Scheumann W, Carius A (2005) Cooperation on Turkey’s transboundary waters. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Adelphi Research GmbH, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) (2011) Turkey’s water policy: national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaphake A, Kramer A (2011) Kura-Aras river basin: burgeoning transboundary water issues. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 263–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaphake A, Scheumann W (2011) Coruh river basin: hydropower development and transboundary cooperation. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 251–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolars JE (1994) Problems of international river management: the case of the Euphrates. In: Biswas AK (ed) International waters of the Middle East from Euphrates-Tigris to Nile. University Press, Oxford, pp 44–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolars JE, Mitchell WA (1991) The Euphrates river and the Southeast Anatolia development project. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

    Google Scholar 

  • Kout W (2008) Integrated water resources management in Syria. In: Sengupta M, Salwari R (eds) Taal 2007 – the 12th world Lake conference. Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests, Jaipur, pp 2300–2314

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer A, Kibaroglu A (2011) Turkey’s position towards international water law. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 215–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer A, Schellig A (2011) Meric river basin: transboundary water cooperation at the border between the EU and Turkey. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 229–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Kucukmehmetoglu M, Geymen A (2013) The significance and impacts of large investments: the case of the Euphrates & Tigris river basin. In: International perspective on water resources & the environment, Dokuz Eylul University & American Society of Civil Engineers, Izmir, Paper 120

    Google Scholar 

  • Kucukmehmetoglu M, Guldmann JM (2010) Multiobjective allocation of transboundary water resources: case of the Euphrates and Tigris. J Water Resour Plan Manag 1:95–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulga D, Cakmak C (1997) Toward sustainable water management in the southeastern Anatolia project (GAP). Int J Water Resour Dev 4:541–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurt C (1992) Sanliurfa tunnel system. In: Broch E, Lysne D (eds) Hydropower’92, 1992 Lillehammer. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 137–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutan R (1996) Water disputes in middle-eastern countries. In: Water conflict in the Middle East. Aydinlar Ocagi, Ankara, pp 33–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Maden TE (2011a) Turkiye-Suriye iliskilerinde suyun rolu. Ortadogu-Analiz 35:33–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Maden TE (2011b) Türkiye-Suriye iliskilerinde Asi nehri. Ortadogu-Analiz, 31/32:40–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkarali S, Korkmaz MS, Sezen N (2008) Meric nehri taskini ve taskinlar ile ilgili gelistirilen uluslararasi projeler. In: Taskin konferansi, Devlet Su Isleri XI. Bolge Mudurlugu, Edirne, pp 12–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Odemis B, Evrendilek F, Kazgoz D (2016) Sustainable agricultural water management in the Asi Basin. In: Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul, pp 97–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohara N, Kavvas ML, Anderson ML, Chen ZQR, Yoon J (2011) Water balance study for the Tigris-Euphrates river basin. J Hydrol Eng 12:1071–1082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onucyildiz M, Abdulmohsin MA, Buyukkaracigan N (2016) Firat-Dicle Havzasi ve Irak su yapilari. Selcuk Universitesi – Sosyal ve Teknik Arastirmalar Dergisi 12:118–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozbek T (1989) Das Sudost-Anatolien-Projekt-GAP. In: V.Internationales Weiterbildungsprogramm, vol.16, Technische Universität, Berlin, pp 307–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozdemir Y (1998) Water potential of the Euphrates-Tigris basin in the Middle East. M.S.-Thesis, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozdemir Y, Ozis U (2000) Turkiye’de Asagi Firat’in ve Dicle’nin guney kollarinin uzun sureli akislari. Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi – Teknik Dergi, 1:2075–2100 & Long-term discharges of Lower Euphrates’ and Tigris’ southern tributaries in Turkey. Chamber of Civil Engineers, Digest-2000:621–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozdemir Y, Ozis U, Baran T, Demirci N, Fistikoglu O, Canga R (2002) Firat-Dicle havzasinin Turkiye, Suriye, Irak, Iran’daki su potansiyeli. Turkiye Muhendislik Haberleri, 420-421-422:27-34

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozdemir Y, Ozis U, Baran T (2013) Water resources development in the Euphrates-Tigris basin. In: International perspective on water resources & the environment. Dokuz Eylul University & American Society of Civil Engineers, Izmir, Paper 153

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozdogan M (2011) Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates-Tigris basin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 9:2789–2803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozger M, Abdollahzadehmoradi Y, Singh VP (2013) Scaling properties of Euphrates and Tigris basin daily streamflow data. In: International perspective on water resources & the environment, Dokuz Eylul University & American Society of Civil Engineers, Izmir, Paper 237

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U (1982) Aménagement de la basse Euphrate en Turquie. Travaux 565:68–72. & Ausbauplan des unteren Euphrat-Beckens in der Türkei. Die Wasserwirtschaft 5: 207–210. & The development plan for the lower Euphrates basin in Turkey. Nat Resour Dev 16:73–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U (1983) Ausbau des westlichen Tigris-Beckens in der Türkei. Die Wasserwirtschaft 4:109–112. & Development plan of the Western Tigris basin. Int J Water Resour Dev 4:343–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U (1994) La gestion des besoins et d’approvisionnements en eau dans le bassin Euphrate-Tigre. In: IWRA VIII. World congress on water resources, 1994 Cairo. vol. 2(T5–S2), International Water Resources Association, Carbondale, pp 1.1–1.12

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U (1997) Sinir-asan sular ve Turkiye. In: Sinir asan sularimiz. Celal Bayar Universitesi Yuksek Ogrenim Vakfi, Manisa, pp 69–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Harmancioglu N (1994) Muhendislik ekonomisi acisindan Ataturk barajinin planlanmasi. In: DSI 40’inci Kurulus Yili, Su ve Toprak Kaynaklarinin Gelistirilmesi Konferansi Bildirileri, vol 3. Devlet Su Isleri, Ankara, pp 1269–1278

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y (2009) Turkey’s transboundary watercourses and the Euphrates-Tigris basin. In: Karpuzcu M, Gurol MD, Bayar S (eds) Transboundary waters and Turkey. Institute of Technology, Gebze, pp 21–57. (p 23–59 in the turkish version)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y (2010) Sinirasan akarsu olarak Firat-Dicle havzasi. In: Izmir Su sempozyumu (2009) bildiriler kitabi, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Izmir, pp 153–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozel I (1989) Karakaya dam and power plant. Int Water Power & Dam Constr 7:20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Basmaci E, Harmancioglu N (1990) Ataturk nears completion. Int Water Power & Dam Constr 9:12–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Basmaci E, Harmancioglu N (1992) Ataturk hydro-power scheme on Euphrates. In: Königsberger A, Matthias HB, Varga T (eds) 7. International Seminar – Water Energy Plants, Technical University, Vienna, pp 15–29 (pp 17–31 in the German version)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y, Baran T (1997) Dicle ve kollarının Iran ve Irak’taki su potansiyelinin belirlenmesi. In: Türkiye Insaat Muhendisligi 14.Teknik Kongresi, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Izmir, pp 565–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y, Baran T, Demirci N, Fistikoglu O, Canga R, Ozen (Saf) B, Tariyan S (1998) Mezopotamya su potansiyelinin kestirimine bir yaklasim. In: II. Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Teknik Universite, Istanbul, pp 9–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Baran T, Demirci N (1999a) Turkiye’de Dicle havzasindaki baslica akis gozlem istasyonlarinin aylik akislari. Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi – Teknik Dergi, 4: 2029–2045. & Monthly discharges at principal streamgaging stations of Tigris basin in Turkey. Chamber of Civil Engineers, Digest ‘99, pp 613–616

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Turkman F; Baran T, Ozdemir Y (1999b) Guneydogu Anadolu Projesi ve hidropolitik yonleri. In: Izmir Su Kongresi, Muhendislik ve Diger Meslek Odalari, Izmir, pp 443–462. & Yapi Dunyasi, 50:37–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Fistikoglu O, Canga R (2000) Keban, Karakaya, Ataturk baraj yerlerinde aylik akislar. Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi – Teknik Dergi, 1:2101–2119. & Monthly discharges at Keban, Karakaya, Ataturk dam sites. Chamber of Civil Engineers, Digest 2000, pp 627–630

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Baran T, Ozdemir Y, Fistikoglu O (2001) Turkiye acisindan sinir-asan sular. Meteoroloji Muhendisligi 1:34–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y, Dalkilic Y, Turkman F, Baran T (2004a) Development of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. In: Harmancioglu N, Fistikoglu O, Dalkilic Y, Gul A (eds) EWRA symposium on water resources management: risks and challenges for the 21st century. European Water Ressources Association and Dokuz Eylul University–SUMER, Izmir, pp 85–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y, Dalkilic Y, Turkman F, Baran T (2004b) Su siyaseti acisindan sinir-asan Firat-Dicle havzasi. Silâhli Kuvvetler Dergisi 382:16–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Turkman F, Baran T, Ozdemir Y, Dalkilic Y (2006) Su hukuku. In: Ozis U, Turkman F, Baran T (eds) Su kaynaklarinin gelistirilmesi. Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, Izmir, pp 3.1–3.36

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y, Baran T (2013a) Cooperative issues in the trans-boundary Euphrates-Tigris basin. In: International perspective on water resources & the environment, Dokuz Eylul University & American Society of Civil Engineers, Izmir, Paper 154

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozis U, Ozdemir Y, Baran T (2013b) Das grenzüberschreitende Euphrat-Tigris Becken. WasserWirtschaft 7(8):74–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oztan M, Axelrod M (2011) Sustainable transboundary groundwater management under shifting political scenarios: the Ceylanpinar aquifer and Turkey-Syria relations. Water Int 5:671–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters R (2006) Blood borders – How a better Middle East would look. Armed Forces Journal (June 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Salman M, Mualla W (2008) Water demand management in Syria: centralized and decentralized views. Water Policy 6:549–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samsunlu A, Maktav D, Kapdasli S (1996) Transboundary water issues between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey: the case of Meric/Evros river. In: Ganoulis J, Duckstein L, Litherathy P, Bogardi I (eds) Transboundary resources management – institutional and engineering approaches. Springer, Berlin, pp 439–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarac M, Eciroglu O (2008) Coruh havzasi ve EIE. In: Su ve enerji konferansi, bildiriler kitabi, vol.1, Devlet Su Isleri XXVI. Bolge Mudurlugu, Artvin, pp 108–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheumann W, Shamaly O (2016) The Turkish-Syrian friendship dam in the Orontes river: benefits for all? In: Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul, pp 125–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheumann W, Baumann V, Mueller AL, Mutschler D, Steiner S, Walenta T (2011a) Environmental impact assessment in turkish dam planning. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 139–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheumann W, Sagsen I, Tereci E (2011b) Orontes river basin: downstream challenges and prospects for cooperation. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 301–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Selek B (2016) Development and management of water resources of Turkey with specific reference to the Asi basin. In: Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul, pp 31–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen Z (ed) (2002) Sinir asan sularimiz. Su Vakfi, Istanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen Z (2011) Water for energy. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 69–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Sucu S, Dinc T (2008) Coruh havzasi projeleri. In: TMMOB 2.Su politikalari kongresi, bildiriler kitabi, vol. 1, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 33–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumer V, Muluk C (2011) Challenges for Turkey to implement the EU water framework directive. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 43–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanriverdi I (1992) Sanliurfa tunelleri. Devlet Su Isleri, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Tekeli S (1990) Turkey seeks reconciliation for the water issue induced by the southeastern Anatolia project (GAP). Water Int 4:206–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tigrek S, Kibaroglu A (2011) Strategic role of water resources in Turkey. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 27–42

    Google Scholar 

  • TMMOB (2006) Su politikalari kongresi bildiriler kitabi. Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Topcu S (2011) Water for agriculture: a major and inefficient consumer. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 93–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Tortajada C (2000) Evaluation of actual impacts of the Ataturk dam. Int J Water Resour Dev 4:453–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turan I (1993) Turkey and the Middle East: problems and solutions. Water Int 1:23–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turan I (2011) The water dimension in turkish foreign policy. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 179–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Turhan E, Kibaroglu A (2016) Political economy and political ecology of the turkish section of Asi River basin. In: Kibaroglu A, Jaubert R (eds) Water resources management in the lower Asi-Orontes river basin. MEF University, Istanbul, pp 19–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Turkman F (1998) The development plan of the transboundary Euphrates-Tigris basin and environmental considerations. In: Loucks DP (ed) Restoration of degraded rivers: challenges, issues and experiences. Kluwer, The Hague, pp 263–276

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ucar I, Gurer I (2013) Temperature and precipitation variation at Coruh river basin due to climate change. In: International perspective on water resources & the environment, Dokuz Eylul University & American Society of Civil Engineers, Izmir, Paper 605

    Google Scholar 

  • UN (1997) Convention on the law of the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. United Nations, New-York

    Google Scholar 

  • UN/ECE (1997) Meeting of the parties to the convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes. United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe, Genève

    Google Scholar 

  • Unver O (1994) Southeastern Anatolia project (GAP) of Turkey: water resources development within the context of integrated regional socioeconomic development. In: IWRA VIII.World congress on water resources, 1994 Cairo. vol. 2(T5-S2), International Water Resources Association, Carbondale, pp 5.1–5.12

    Google Scholar 

  • Unver O (1997a) South-Eastern Anatolia integrated development project (GAP), Turkey: an overview of issues of sustainability. Water Resour Dev 2:187–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unver O (1997b) Southeastern Anatolia project (GAP). Water Resour Dev 4:453–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unver O, Voron B (1993) Improvement of canal regulation techniques: the southeastern Anatolia project -GAP. Water Int 3:157–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unver O, Voron B, Akuzum T (1993) Improvement of field water distribution and irrigation techniques: the southeastern Anatolia project – GAP. Water Int 3:166–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uskay S (1987) Guneydogu Anadolu Projesi DSI calismalari. In: IX.Teknik Kongre Bildiriler Kitabi, vol.2, Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, Ankara, pp 7–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakil M (1993) Analysis of future water needs for different sectors in Syria. Water Int 1:18–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PA (2011) Turkey’s water diplomacy, a theoretical discussion. In: Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, Kramer A (eds) Turkey’s water policy, national frameworks and international cooperation. Springer, Berlin, pp 197–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf AT (1994) A hydropolitical history of the Nile, Jordan and Euphrates river basins. In: Biswas AK (ed) International waters of the Middle East from Euphrates-Tigris to Nile. University Press, Oxford, pp 5–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Wouters P (2000) National and international water law – achieving equitable and sustainable use of water resources. Water Int 4:499–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WRPM (Draper S, ed) (2007) Special issue: transboundary water sharing. J Water Resour Plan Manag 5:377–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakis Y (1996) Turkey, the Middle East and their water problem. In: Water conflict in the Middle East. Aydinlar Ocagi, Ankara, pp 59–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Yenigun K, Gumus V, Bulut H (2008) Trends in streamflow of the Euphrates basin. Water Manag 4:189–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz D, Ozbay O (2011) Su Firat’in suyu. Truva, Istanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz S, Kadilar R (1997) Siniri asan sularimiz. In: Sinir asan sularimiz. Celal Bayar Universitesi Yuksek Ogrenim Vakfi, Manisa, pp 27–66

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support and encouragement on matters of transboundary watercourses and especially on the Southeastern Anatolia Project, to the management and members of: Dokuz Eylul and Ege Universities, State Hydraulic Works, Electrical Works Survey Authority, Turkish Electricity Production Corporation, Southeastern Anatolia Project Regional Development Administration, United Nations Environment Program, Ata Construction Company, Turkey’s Chamber of Civil Engineers, and last but not the least, to their colleagues and former students whose names often appear in the list of references of their papers.

The first and third authors extend their thanks to the Springer Institution and to the chief editors Prof. Dr. Nilgun Harmancioglu and Prof. Dr. Dogan Altinbilek for inviting them to prepare this chapter of the book “Water resources of Turkey”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    Unal Ozis, Nilgun B. Harmancioglu & Yalcin Ozdemir

Authors
  1. Unal Ozis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nilgun B. Harmancioglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yalcin Ozdemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nilgun B. Harmancioglu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering, Hydraulics and Hydrology, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey

    Nilgun B. Harmancioglu

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    Dogan Altinbilek

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ozis, U., Harmancioglu, N.B., Ozdemir, Y. (2020). Transboundary River Basins. In: Harmancioglu, N., Altinbilek, D. (eds) Water Resources of Turkey. World Water Resources, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11729-0_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation