Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Russia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Conflict and History Education in the Post-Cold War Era

  • 555 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, Shnirelman examines development in history education in Russia since the 1990s. Within this framework, Russian schools and identity politics are discussed, as well as the transition in textbook production and thematics from the Soviet era. The 1990s ushered in the ‘civilisational’ approach in Russian education, which had an influence on the Russia-centric bias in federal textbooks. Shnirelman goes on to discuss xenophobia and the depiction of minorities in federal textbooks, with Russian Jewry, the Kazan’ Tatars and the North Caucasus region as important case studies. With the decline in liberal approaches in the Russian ‘history wars’, and the elimination of the regional component to school history in 2007, Russia’s new generation of textbooks are monopolised by three publishing houses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Christel Lane, The Rites of Rulers: Ritual in Industrial Society—the Soviet Case (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 141–142.

  2. 2.

    On cultural racism, which essentialises ethnic cultures and builds up durable walls between them to the extent that they are viewed as incomprehensible, see Robert Miles. Racism (London and New York: Routledge, 1989); Pierre-Andre Taguieff. Sur la Nouvelle Droite (Paris: Descartes & Cie, 1994); Victor A. Shnirelman, ‘Incompatibility of cultures: From scientific concepts and schooling to actual policy’. In: Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia, 48, no. 1 (2009), 67–103.

  3. 3.

    Teun Van Dijk, Elite Discourse and Racism (Newbury Park: Sage, 1993).

  4. 4.

    Istoriki chitaiut uchebniki istorii. Traditsionnye i novye kontseptsii uchebnoi literatury [Historians are reading history textbooks. Traditional and new concepts of education literature]. Ed. by Eimermaher C., Bordiugov G. (Moscow: AIRO-XX, 2002), 203.

  5. 5.

    A. M. Vodiansky, ‘Istoricheskoe i obshchestvovedcheskoe obrazovaniie: strategiia razvitiia [Education in history and sociology: Development Strategy]’. In: Prepodavanie istorii v shkole, 3 (1995), 55. All translations by the author unless otherwise stated.

  6. 6.

    I. Prelovskaya, ‘Shkole prikhoditsia tugo, no reforma prodolzhaetsia (Schools suffering hard times, the reform is going on)’. Izvestiia, 28 August 1992; Stephen L. Webber, School, reform and society in the New Russia (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000), 68–72, 96–98.

  7. 7.

    Ye Panova, ‘“Chuzhoi” za shkol’noi partoi: predstavlenia uchitelei ob etnicheskikh razlichiiakh [“Alien” at the school desk: teachers’ views of ethnic differences]’. In: Racist discourse in Russian education, ed. V. Voronkov, O. Karpenko, and A. Osipov. (St Petersburg: Aleteia, 2008), 115–138.

  8. 8.

    R. G. Pikhoia, Sovietskii Soiuz: istoriia vlasti, 1945–1991 (Soviet Union: history of power, 1945–1991) (Moscow: Rossiiskaia akademiia gosudarstvennoi sluzhby, 1998), 290.

  9. 9.

    M. N. Kuzmin, A. A. Susokolov, V. K. Batsyn, M. B. Yeshich, Kontseptsia natsional’noi shkoly: tseli i prioritety soderzhaniia obrazovaniia [A concept for ethnic schools: aims and priorities of the content of education] (Moscow: Institut natsional’nykh problem obrazovaniia, 1994), 29; Stephen L. Webber, School, reform and society, 32–33, 133.

  10. 10.

    For example, see V. D. Danilov et al. Natsional’naia shkola Rossiiskoi Federatsii: respublikanskie zakony ob obrazovanii [Ethnic schools in the Russian Federation: republican laws on education]. (Moscow-Cheboksary: Ministerstvo obrazovaniia RF, Ministerstvo obrazovaniia, nauki i vysshei shkoly Chuvashskoi Respubliki, 1994).

  11. 11.

    ‘Kontseptsia istoricheskogo obrazovaniia v obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdeniiakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii (proekt) [A concept of historical education in public schools of the Russian Federation—a project]’. Prepodavanie istorii v shkole, 4 (2000), 2–8; eds. C. Eimermaher and G. Bordiugov, eds. Istoriki chitaiut uchebniki istorii. Traditsionnye i novye kontseptsii uchebnoi literatury (Historians reading history textbooks. Traditional and new concepts of the educational literature) (Moscow: AIRO-XX, 2002), 197–198.

  12. 12.

    For details, see V. A. Shnirelman, ‘Mezhdu Eurasio-tsentrizmom i etnotsentrizmom: o novom istoricheskom obrazovanii v Rossii [Between Eurasia-centrism and ethnocentrism: on the new historical education in Russia]’. Vestnik Instituta Kennana v Rossii, 4 (2003), 32–42.

  13. 13.

    See, for example, A. A. Danilov, L. G. Kosulina, Istoriia Rossii. Uchebnik dlia 6–7 klassov osnovnoi shkoly [History of Russia. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Intellekt-Press, 1998), 5; T. V. Chernikova Istoriia Rossii. IX–XVI veka. 6 klass. Uchebnik dlia obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchebnykh zavedenii [History of Russia from the ninth to the sixteenth centuries. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Drofa, 2000), 5; A. V. Kamkin Istoki. Sem’ chudes Rossii. Uchebnoe posobie dlia 5 klassa (Sources. Seven wonders of Russia. An aid for secondary schools) (Moscow: Tekhnologicheskaia shkola biznesa, 2001), 113; V. S. Porokhnia, ed. Rossiia v mirovoi istorii: Uchebnik dlia tekhnicheskikh vuzov [Russia in world history. A textbook for technical universities] (Moscow: Logos, 2003), 28.

  14. 14.

    A. A. Preobrazhenskii, B. A. Rybakov, Istoriia Rossii. Uchebnik dlia 10–11 klassov obshcheobrazovatel’ykh uchezhdenii [History of Russia. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 1999), 5.

  15. 15.

    I. N. Ionov, Rossiiskaia tsivilizatsiia, 9—nachalo 20 vv. Uchebnik dlia 6–7 klassov obshcheobrazovatel’ykh uchezhdenii [Russian civilisation, from the ninth to the twentieth centuries. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 1995), 67 ff., 84, 89. Five editions of the textbook were issued.

  16. 16.

    ‘Krugly stol: kakim byt’ sovremennomu shkol’nomu uchebniku po Otechestvennoi istorii XX veka? [Round table: what should be the modern textbook on the History of the Fatherland in the twentieth century?]’, Otechestvennaia istoriia, 3 (2002), 32.

  17. 17.

    G. Khasanova, ‘Nation building and values in Russian textbooks’. In: Nation-building and common values in Russia, ed. P. Kolsto and H. Blakkisrud (Lanham, MD.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2004), 269–299; V. I. Piskarev, et al. ‘Istoriia tatarskogo naroda i Tatarstana v federal’nykh uchebnikakh [History of the Tatar people and Tatarstan in federal textbooks]’. In: Realizatsiia natsional’no-regional’nogo komponenta istoricheskogo obrazovaniia v natsional’nykh respublikakh Povolzh’ia i Ptiural’ia: problemy i perspektivy, ed. F. M. Sultanov and M. M. Gibatdinov (Kazan’: Institut istorii AN RT, 2005), 144–160; I. L. Izmailov, ‘Natsional’naia istoriia v federativnoi strane: opyt Tatarstana [Ethnic history in the federative state: the case of Tatarstan]’. In: Realizatsiia natsional’no-regional’nogo komponenta istoricheskogo obrazovaniia v natsional’nykh respublikakh Povolzh’ia i Ptiural’ia: problemy i perspektivy, ed. F. M. Sultanov and M. M. Gibatdinov (Kazan’: Institut istorii AN RT, 2005), 25–41; I. L. Izmailov, ‘Proshloe tatarskogo naroda kak sredstvo etnonatsional’noi mobilizatsii [The Tatar people’s past as a means of ethnic mobilisation]’. In: Tatarskaia natsiia v XXI veke: problemy razvitiia, ed. D. M. Iskhakov (Kazan’: Institut istorii AN RT, 2006), 100–116; M. M. Gibatdinov, ‘Problemy natsional’noi identichnosti i federal’nye uchebniki v Rossii (Ethnic identity issues and federal textbooks in Russia)’. In: Tatarskaia natsiia v XXI veke: problemy razvitiia, ed. D. M. Iskhakov (Kazan’: Institut istorii AN RT, 2006), 129–136.

  18. 18.

    ‘V Moskve budet rassmotrena kassatsionnaia zhaloba po povodu “uchebnika natsional’noi vrazhdy” [Complaint to be heard in Moscow about “textbook of ethnic hostility”]’. Islamnews, accessed 7 June 2008, http://www.islamnews.ru/news-12352.html; Tukhvatullina A., Sergeev I. ‘Tatary vstupilis’ za chest’ predkov (The Tatars want to defend their ancestors’ honour)’. Moskovsky Komsomolets, 11 June 2008. p. 2.

  19. 19.

    A. N. Sakharov, Istoriia Rossii s drevneishykh vremen do kontsa XVI v. Uchebik dlia 6 klassa obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdenii [History of Russia from the earliest times to the end of the sixteenth century. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2001), 108; A. N. Sakharov, Istoriia Rossii. S drevneishykh vremen do kontsa XVI v. Uchebik dlia 10 klassa srednikh obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchebnykh zavedenii [History of Russia. From the earliest times to the end of the sixteenth century. A textbook for secondary schools]. (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2003), 149.

  20. 20.

    A. N. Bokhanov, Istoriia Rossii XIX vv. Uchebik dlia 8 klassa srednikh obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchebnykh zavedenii [History of Russia, the nineteenth century. A textbook for secondary schools]. (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2003), 4.

  21. 21.

    This point is emphasised in the new textbook on the ‘Basics of Jewish culture’. See M. A. Chlenov, G. A. Mindrina, A. B. Glotser, Osnovy iudeiskoi kul’tury [Basics of Jewish culture]. (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2010), 46–47.

  22. 22.

    It is noteworthy that the Tatar textbook presents Khazaria as the Turkic state. It neglects the role of the Jews in Khazaria and fails to discuss Khazar-Slavic relations, including Sviatoslav’s raid. See B. F. Sultanbekov et al. Istoriia Tatarstana: Uchebnoe posobie dlia osnovnoi shkoly [History of Tatarstan. An aid for secondary schools]. (Kazan’: TaRIKH, 2001), 32–33.

  23. 23.

    This point is also noted in ‘Basics of Jewish culture’.

  24. 24.

    For the popular anti-Semitic Khazar myth in Russia, see V. A. Shnirelman, The Myth of the Khazars and Intellectual Antisemitism in Russia, 1970s–1990s (Jerusalem: The Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2002).

  25. 25.

    Ye. B. Pchelov, Istoriia Rossii s drevneishykh vremen do kontsa XVI v. Uchebnik dlia 6 klassa osnovnoi shkoly [History of Russia from the earliest times to the end of the sixteenth century. A textbook for secondary schools]. (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2003), 214.

  26. 26.

    S. T. Zhukovskii, I. G. Zhukovskaia, Rossiia v istorii mirovoi tsivilizatsii. 9-20 vv. Uchebnoe posobie dlia srednikh spetsial’nykh i obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchebnykh zavedeniii [Russia in the history of world civilisation, from the ninth to the twentieth centuries. An aid for secondary schools]. (Moscow: Shkol’naia pressa, 2000), 106.

  27. 27.

    V. I. Piskarev, et al. ‘Istoriia tatarskogo naroda i Tatarstana v federal’nykh uchebnikakh [History of the Tatar people and Tatarstan in federal textbooks]’, 150–155.

  28. 28.

    B. F. Sultanbekov, et al. Istoriia Tatarstana: Uchebnoe posobie dlia osnovnoi shkoly (History of Tatarstan. An aid for public schools). (Kazan’: TaRIKH, 2001), 95–103, 109, 110–111; eds. D. K. Sabirova and Ya. Sh Sharapov ‘Proekt: Programma kursa “Istoriia Tatarstana” s drevneishikh vremion do nashikh dnei (Project: A programme for the course “History of Tatarstan” from the earliest times to the present day)’. In Istoriia Tatarstana: problemy prepodavaniia v vuze, ed. D. K. Sabirova et al. (Kazan’: Kazanskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet, 2002), 94–95.

  29. 29.

    M. N. Kuz’min, ‘Analiz uchebnykh izdanii, imeiushchikh grif organa upravleniia subiekta Rossiiskoi Federatsii [An analysis of educational publications with a stamp provided by the authorities of the administrative territory of the Russian Federation]’. In Realizatsiia natsional’no-regional’nogo komponenta istoricheskogo obrazovaniia v natsional’nykh respublikakh Povolzh’ia i Ptiural’ia: problemy i perspektivy, ed. F. M. Sultanov and M. M. Gibatdinov (Kazan’: Institut istorii AN RT, 2005), 140.

  30. 30.

    V. A. Shnirelman, ‘“Obshchee proshloe”: federal’nye i tatarstanskie shkol’nye uchebniki istorii [Mutual past: Federal and Tatarstani textbooks in history]’, Istoricheskaia ekspertiza, 2016, no. 4, 111–132.

  31. 31.

    P. N. Zyrianov, Istoriia Rossii. XIX—nachalo XX vv. Uchebnaia kniga dlia 8–9 klassa srednei shkoly (History of Russia, from the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. A textbook for secondary schools). (Moscow: Antikva, 1999), 68.

  32. 32.

    V. A. Shnirelman, ‘From social classes to ethnicities: ethnocentric views in history textbooks in Post-Soviet Russia’, Journal of Eurasian Studies, 2, no. 2 (2011), 125–133, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879366511000108.

  33. 33.

    L. N. Zharova, I. A. Mishina, Istoriia Otechestva. 20 vek. Uchebnik for 9 klassa obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdenii (History of the Fatherland, the twentieth century. A textbook for secondary schools). (Moscow: Tsentr gumanitarnogo obrazovaniia, 2002), 338.

  34. 34.

    A. N. Sakharov, A. N. Bokhanov, Istoriia Rossii. XVII–XIX veka. Uchebik dlia 10 klassa obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchebnykh zavedenii [History of Russia, seventeenth–nineteenth centuries. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2003), 319–324. One can find the same attitude in the monarchist textbooks published separately by one of these authors and intended for secondary schools. See A. N. Bokhanov, Istoriia Rossii. XIX—nachalo XX v. Uchebik dlia 8–9 klassov [History of Russia, nineteenth-early twentieth centuries. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 1998), 105–107; A. N. Bokhanov, Istoriia Rossii XIX vv. Uchebik dlia 8 klassa srednikh obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchebnykh zavedenii [History of Russia, nineteenth century. A textbook for secondary schools] (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2003), 89–92.

  35. 35.

    For details, see V. A. Shnirelman, ‘From social classes to ethnicities’.

  36. 36.

    Istoriia Stavropol’skogo kraia ot drevneishikh vremen do 1917 goda [History of the Stavropol’ region from the earliest times to 1917], ed. N. D. Sudavtsov (Stavropol’: SKIPKRO, 1996), 52–58. This story is unconfirmed by any historical document. The belief apparently derives from the fact that the Adyghs were called the ‘Kasoghs’ in the medieval period. Hence their early polity was sometimes called ‘Kasoghia’, which is transformed into ‘Kazakiia’ by some Cossack activists.

  37. 37.

    S. Khotko, ‘Istoriia Adygov v izlozhenii krasnodarskikh avtorov [Adyghe history according to the Krasnodar authors]’. Sovetskaia Adygeia, 27 May 2004. 12–13.

  38. 38.

    M.M. Bliev, R.S. Bzarov, Istoriia Osetii s drevneishikh vremen do kontsa 19 v. [History of Ossetia from the earliest times to the end of the nineteenth century]. (Vladikavkaz: Ir, 2000). (2nd edn. Мoscow: Ventana-Graf, 2005), 185, 215.

  39. 39.

    N. D. Kodzoev, Istoriia Ingushskogo naroda. S drevneishikh vremen do kontsa XIX veka. Uchebnoe posobie dlia 7–9 klassov obshcheobrazovatel’nykh shkol [History of the Ingush people. From the earliest times to the end of the nineteenth century. An aid for secondary schools]. (Magas: Serdalo, 2002).

  40. 40.

    Ibid. p. 96.

  41. 41.

    Ibid. p. 10.

  42. 42.

    B. M. Kerefov, Chapters 1 and 2. In: Istoriia Kabardino-Balkarii. Uchebnoe posobie dlia srednei shkoly [History of Kabardino-Balkaria. An aid for secondary schools], ed. T. K. Kumykov and I. M. Miziev, (Nal’chik: El’brus, 1995), 4–70.

  43. 43.

    I. M. Miziev, Chapter 3. In: Istoriia Kabardino-Balkarii, 71–87.

  44. 44.

    Narody Karachaevo-Cherkesii: istoriia i kul’tura [Peoples of the Karachai-Cherkessiia: history and culture], ed. V. S. Nakhushev, (Cherkessk: KChRIPKRO, 1998).

  45. 45.

    V. A. Shnirelman, Who Gets the Past? Competition for Ancestors among Non-Russian Intellectuals in Russia (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press/Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 22–31, 36–45.

  46. 46.

    B. F. Sultanbekov, et al. Istoriia Tatarstana: Uchebnoe posobie dlia osnovnoi shkoly [History of Tatarstan. An aid for public schools]. (Kazan’: TaRIKH, 2001), 63, 73–75, 85; eds. D. K. Sabirova and Ya. Sh. Sharapov, ‘Proekt: Programma kursa “Istoriia Tatarstana” s drevneishikh vremion do nashikh dnei (Project: A programme for the course “History of Tatarstan” from the earliest times to the present day)’. In: Istoriia Tatarstana: problemy prepodavaniia v vuze, ed. D. K. Sabirova et al. (Kazan’: Kazanskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet, 2002), 88–93.

  47. 47.

    V. A. Shnirelman, Who Gets the Past? 31–35, 46–49, 57.

  48. 48.

    V. Imamov, Zapriatannaia istoriia Tatar [Secret history of the Tatars]. (Naberezhnye Chelny: KAMAZ, 1994).

  49. 49.

    G. M. Davletshin, F. Sh. Khuzin, I. L. Izmailov, Rasskasy po istorii Tatarstana [Essays in the history of Tatarstan]. (Kazan’: Magarif, 1994), 131–137, 140–146; B. F. Sultanbekov et al. Istoriia Tatarstana.

  50. 50.

    I. G. Akmanov, Za pravdivoe osveshchenie istorii narodov [For the fair presentation of peoples’ history]. (Ufa: Kitap, 1995). See also: Istoriia Bashkortostana (History of Bashkortostan), ed. I. G. Akmanov (Ufa: Kitap, 1996); V. S. Mavletov, Tsvetushchii krai, blagoslovennyi [A flourishing country, the blessed one]. (Ufa: Poligrafkombinat, 2001), 28–29. The Chuvash and Mari textbooks also claimed that the non-Tatar groups which had suffered from exploitation in the Kazan’ Khanate welcomed the Russian conquest.

  51. 51.

    I. I. Dolutsky, Otechestvennaia istoriia, XX vek. Uchebnik dlia 10–11 klassov obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdenii [History of the Fatherland in the twentieth century. A textbook for secondary schools]. (Moscow: Mnemozina, 1996). Part 1; (1997). Part 2.

  52. 52.

    A. V. Filippov, Noveishaia istoriia Russii, 1945–2006. Kniga dlia uchitelia [The modern history of Russia, 1945–2006: A teacher’s handbook]. (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2007).

  53. 53.

    L. V. Poliakov, et al. Obshchestvoznanie. Global’nyi mir v 21 veke [Social knowledge: The global world in the twenty-first century]. (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2007).

  54. 54.

    A. V. Filippov, Noveishaia istoriia Russii, 1945–2006, 82, 485.

  55. 55.

    ‘Stenograficheskii otchet o vstreche s delegatami Vserossiiskoi konferentsii prepodavatelei gumanitarnykh i obshchestvennykh nauk’ [A stenographic report on the meeting with the participants in the All-Russian conference of teachers in humanities and social sciences]

  56. 56.

    ‘Text kontseptsii kursa istorii Rossii 1900–1945 gg [Text of the concept of the lecture course in Russian history, 1900–1945]’. Vremia novostei, 25 August 2008. For a discussion, see A. Bernstein, ‘Ratsional’noe upravlenie ubiistvami. Novaia istoricheskaia kontseptsiia—stalinskiii terror okazalsia “instrumentom razvitiia.”’ [Rational management of the murders. A new historical concept—the Stalinist terror has proved to be an “instrument of development”] Vremia novostei, 25 August 2008. 1–2; L. Rybina, ‘Operativnaia razrabotka uchebnika istorii [An urgent analysis of the textbook in history]’. Novaia gazeta, 8–10 September 2008. 2–3.

  57. 57.

    E. Zubkova, ‘The Filippov Syndrome’. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 10, no. 4 (2009), 861–868.

  58. 58.

    David Brandenberger, ‘A New Short Course? A. V. Filippov and the Russian State’s Search for a “Usable Past”’. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 10, no. 4 (2009), 825–833.

  59. 59.

    A. Bernstein, Ratsional’noe upravlenie ubiistvami; A. Shubin, ‘Pravki patriotov (Patriotic corrections)’. Novaia gazeta, 8–10 September 2008. p. 3.

  60. 60.

    Leon Aron, ‘To understand Vladimir Putin, we must understand his view of Russian history’. The New Republic, accessed 24 September 2008, http://www.tnr.com/booksarts/story.html?id=27ab9fbc-6e71-4795-8608-5875a0ce6fb6&p=1.

  61. 61.

    A. A. Danilov, A. V. Filippov, ‘Zdat’ ostalos’ nedolgo, poterpite [It is not so long to wait, have patience]’, Vremia novostei, 9 September 2008; Rybina L. ‘Esli by na meste Stalina byl ia … [If I were Stalin …]’ Novaia gazeta, 18–21 September 2008. p. 11.

  62. 62.

    See, for example, A. A. Danilov, L. G. Kosulina, Istoriia Rossii, XX vek. Uchebnik dlia starshikh klassov obshcheobrazovatel’nykh shkol [History of Russia, the twentieth century. A textbook for secondary schools]. (Moscow: Iakhont, 1998).

  63. 63.

    Istoriia Rossii, 1900–1945. 11 klass. Uchebnik dlia obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdenii, ed. A. A. Danilov and A. V. Filippov [History of Russia, 1900–1945. A textbook for public schools] (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2012), 433.

  64. 64.

    Ibid. 262–264. The paragraph on Stalin was compiled by Alexander Barsenkov, who is well-known for his ultra-conservative (national-patriotic) views.

  65. 65.

    Istoriia Rossii, 1945–2007. 11 klass. Uchebnik dlia uchashchikhsia obshcheobrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdenii, ed. A. A. Danilov, A. I. Utkin and A. V. Filippov [History of Russia, 1945–2007. A textbook for secondary schools] Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2008. p. 6.

Further Reading

  • Kaplan, V. ‘History Teaching in Post-Soviet Russia: Coping with Antithetical Traditions’. In Educational Reform in Post-Soviet Russia, edited by B. Eklof, L. Holmes, and V. Kaplan, 247–271. London: Frank Cass, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘In Search of the Prestige Ancestors. Ethno-nationalism and School Textbooks’. Information Mitteilungen Communications 20 (1999) 1, 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘The Myths of Descent: The Views of the Remote Past, as Reflected in School Textbooks in Contemporary Russia’. Public Archaeology 3 (2003) 1, 33–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘Fostered Primordialism: The Identity and Ancestry of the North Caucasian Turks in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Milieu’. In The Construction and Deconstruction of National Histories in Slavic Eurasia, edited by T. Hayashi, 53–86. Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘Purgas und Pureš: Urahnen der Mordwinen und Paradoxa der mordwinischen Identität’. In Mari und Mordwinen im heutigen Russland: Sprache, Kultur, Identität, edited by E. Khelimsky, 529–563. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz-Verlag, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus’. Acta Slavica Iaponica 23 (2006), 37–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘A Revolt of Social Memory: The Chechens and Ingush against the Soviet Historians’. In Reconstruction and Interaction of Slavic Eurasia and its Neighboring Worlds, edited by I. Osamu and U. Tomohiko, 273–307. Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘New Racism, “Clash of Civilizations” and Russia’. In Russian Nationalism and the National Reassertion of Russia, edited by M. Laruelle, 125–144. London: Routledge, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnirelman, V. ‘Stigmatized by History or by Historians? Peoples of Russia in School History Textbooks’. History and Memory 21 (2009) 2, 110–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaida, J., and R. Zaida. ‘The Politics of Rewriting History: New History Textbooks and Curriculum Materials in Russia’. International Review of Education 49 (2003) 3–4, 363–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaida, J. ‘The New History School Textbooks in the Russian Federation: 1992–2004’. Compare 37 (2007) 3, 291–306.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Studies, project no. 15-31-11109.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Modern History and History Didactics, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy

    Victor A. Shnirelman

Authors
  1. Victor A. Shnirelman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Modern History and History Didactics, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy

    Luigi Cajani

  2. German Historical Institute, Washington, DC, USA

    Simone Lässig

  3. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Maria Repoussi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shnirelman, V.A. (2019). Russia. In: Cajani, L., Lässig, S., Repoussi, M. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Conflict and History Education in the Post-Cold War Era. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05722-0_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05722-0_39

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05721-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05722-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation