Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Refinement Based Formal Development of Human-Machine Interface

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations (STAF 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 11176))

Abstract

Human factors have been considered as the most common causes of accidents, particularly for interacting with complex critical systems related to avionics, railway, nuclear and medical domains. Mostly, a human-machine interface (HMI) is developed independently and the correctness of possible interactions is heavily dependent on testing, which cannot guarantee the absence of run-time errors. The use of formal methods in HMI development may assure such guarantee. This paper presents a methodology for developing an HMI using a correct by construction approach, which allows us to introduce the HMI components, functional behaviour and the required safety properties progressively. The proposed methodology, generic refinement strategy, supports a development of the model-view-controller (MVC) architecture. The whole approach is formalized using Event-B and relies on the Rodin tools to check the internal consistency with respect to the given safety properties, invariants and events. Finally, an industrial case study is used to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach for developing an HMI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://singh.perso.enseeiht.fr/Conference/FMIS2018/HMI_Models.zip.

References

  1. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/file/index/docid/48279/filename/2_2modelesinterface_referen.html

  2. Abowd, G.D., Wang, H.M., Monk, A.F.: A formal technique forautomated dialogue development. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, & Techniques, DIS 1995, pp. 219–226. ACM, New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Abrial, J.R.: The B-Book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, New York (1996)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Abrial, J.R.: Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, New York (2010)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Abrial, J.R., Butler, M., Hallerstede, S., Hoang, T.S., Mehta, F., Voisin, L.: Rodin: an open toolset for modelling and reasoning in event-b. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. 12(6), 447–466 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ameur, Y.A.: Cooperation of formal methods in an engineering based software development process. In: 2000 Proceedings Second International Conference Integrated Formal Methods, IFM 2000, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, 1–3 November, pp. 136–155 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ameur, Y.A., Aït-Sadoune, I., Mota, J., Baron, M.: Validation et vérification formelles de systèmes interactifs multi-modaux fondées sur la preuve. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the Association Francophone d’Interaction Homme-Machine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 18–21 April 2006, pp. 123–130 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ameur, Y.A., Girard, P., Jambon, F.: A uniform approach for specification and design of interactive systems: the B method. In: Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems 1998, Supplementary Proceedings of the Fifth International Eurographics Workshop, 3–5 June 1998, Abingdon, United Kingdom, pp. 51–67 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ameur, Y.A., Girard, P., Jambon, F.: Using the B formal approach for incremental specification design of interactive systems. In: Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, IFIP TC2/TC13 WG2.7/WG13.4 Seventh Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 14–18 September, pp. 91–109 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ameur, Y.A., Sadoune, I.A., Baron, M.: Etude et comparaison de scénarios de développements formels d’interfaces multi-modales fondés sur la preuve et le raffinement. RSTI- Ingénierie des Systèmes d’Informations 13(2), 127–155 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Baron, M., Lucquiaud, V., Autard, D., Scapin, D.L.: K-made: Unenvironnement pour le noyau du modèle de description del’activité. In: Proceedings of the 18th Conference onL’Interaction Homme-Machine, IHM 2006, pp. 287–288. ACM, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bolton, M.L., Siminiceanu, R.I., Bass, E.J.: A systematic approach to model checking human - automation interaction using task analytic models. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. - Part A: Syst. Hum. 41(5), 961–976 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bolton, M.L., Bass, E.J.: Building a formal model of a human-interactive system: insights into the integration of formal methods and human factors engineering. In: First NASA Formal Methods Symposium - NFM, California, USA, 6–8 April, pp. 6–15 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bowen, J., Reeves, S.: Formal models for user interface design artefacts. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. 4(2), 125–141 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bowen, J., Reeves, S.: Refinement for user interface designs. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 208, 5–22 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Campos, J.C., Harrison, M.D.: Systematic analysis of control panel interfaces using formal tools. In: Graham, T.C.N., Palanque, P. (eds.) DSV-IS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5136, pp. 72–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70569-7_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Combéfis, S., Giannakopoulou, D., Pecheur, C., Feary, M.: Learning system abstractions for human operators. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Machine Learning Technologies in Software Engineering, MALETS 2011, pp. 3–10. ACM, New York City (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Combéfis, S., Pecheur, C.: A bisimulation-based approach to the analysis of human-computer interaction. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, EICS 2009, pp. 101–110. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Coutaz, J., Nigay, L., Salber, D., Blandford, A., May, J., Young, R.M.: Four easy pieces for assessing the usability of multimodal interaction: the care properties. In: Nordby, K., Helmersen, P., Gilmore, D.J., Arnesen, S.A. (eds.) Human-Computer Interaction. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, pp. 115–120. Springer, Boston (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-5041-2896-4_19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Dix, A., Finlay, J.E., Abowd, G.D., Beale, R.: Human-Computer Interaction, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. EB2ALL: An automatic code generation tool from Event-B (2011). http://eb2all.loria.fr/

  22. Eijk, P.V., Diaz, M. (eds.): Formal Description Technique Lotos: Results of the Esprit Sedos Project. Elsevier Science Inc., New York (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Heymann, M., Degani, A.: Formal analysis and automatic generation of user interfaces: approach, methodology, and an algorithm. Hum. Factors 49(2), 311–330 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jambon, F.: From formal specifications to secure implementations. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces III, Valenciennes, France, 15–17 May 2002, pp. 51–62 (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Lecrubier, V.: A formal language for designing, specifying and verifying critical embedded human machine interfaces. Theses, INSTITUT SUPERIEUR DE L’AERONAUTIQUE ET DE L’ESPACE (ISAE); UNIVERSITE DE TOULOUSE, June 2016. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01455466

  26. Leuschel, M., Butler, M.: ProB: a model checker for B. In: Araki, K., Gnesi, S., Mandrioli, D. (eds.) FME 2003. LNCS, vol. 2805, pp. 855–874. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45236-2_46

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Li, M., Wei, J., Zheng, X., Bolton, M.L.: A formal machine-learning approach to generating human-machine interfaces from task models. IEEE Trans. Hum.-Mach. Syst. 47(6), 822–833 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Méry, D., Singh, N.K.: Automatic code generation from event-b models. In: Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Information and Communication Technology, SoICT 2011, pp. 179–188. ACM, New York (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mohand Oussaïd, L.M.O.: Formal modelling and verification of multimodal human computer interfaces : output multimodality. Theses, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d’Aérotechique - Poitiers, December 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01127547

  30. Navarre, D., Palanque, P., Paternò, F., Santoro, C., Bastide, R.: A tool suite for integrating task and system models through scenarios. In: Johnson, C. (ed.) DSV-IS 2001. LNCS, vol. 2220, pp. 88–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45522-1_6

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Palanque, P., Bastide, R., Sengès, V.: Validating interactive system design through the verification of formal task and system models. In: Bass, L.J., Unger, C. (eds.) EHCI 1995. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, pp. 189–212. Springer, Boston (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34907-7_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Palanque, P.A., Bastide, R.: Petri net based design of user-driven interfaces using the interactive cooperative objects formalism. In: Paternó, F. (ed.) Interactive Systems: Design, Specification, and Verification Focus on Computer Graphics (Tutorials and Perspectives in Computer Graphics), pp. 383–400. Springer, Berlin (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87115-3_23

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Palanque, P., Bastide, R.: Verification of an interactive software by analysis of its formal specification. In: Nordby, K., Helmersen, P., Gilmore, D.J., Arnesen, S.A. (eds.) Human—Computer Interaction. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, pp. 191–196. Springer, Boston (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-5041-2896-4_32

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Reenskaug, T.M.H.: The original MVC reports (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ruksenas, R., Masci, P., Harrison, M.D., Curzon, P.: Developing and verifying user interface requirements for infusion pumps: a refinement approach. ECEASST, 69 (2013). ISSN: 1863-2122

    Google Scholar 

  36. Pinheiro da Silva, P., Griffiths, T., Paton, N.W.: Generating user interface code in a model based user interface development environment. In: Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI 2000, pp. 155–160. ACM, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Singh, N.K.: Using Event-B for Critical Device Software Systems. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France

    Romain Geniet

  2. INPT-ENSEEIHT/IRIT, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France

    Neeraj Kumar Singh

Authors
  1. Romain Geniet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neeraj Kumar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Neeraj Kumar Singh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia

    Manuel Mazzara

  2. University of Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France

    Iulian Ober

  3. Grenoble Alpes University, Montbonnot, France

    Gwen Salaün

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Geniet, R., Singh, N.K. (2018). Refinement Based Formal Development of Human-Machine Interface. In: Mazzara, M., Ober, I., Salaün, G. (eds) Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations. STAF 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11176. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04770-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04771-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation