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Iron

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Trace Elements and Minerals in Health and Longevity

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL,volume 8))

Abstract

Iron is an essential component of every living organism. Iron excess and deficiency are equally detrimental for the cell and thus species longevity . They cause very large number of health disorders and organ system dysfunctions, especially development of age related diseases in elderly people. Iron deficiency increases morbidity and mortality because it causes growth arrest and cell death. Age-related accumulation of iron increases the potential for free redox-active iron, which can promote oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage and thus functional alterations of antioxidant enzymes and further increased oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids in tissues in elderly people. This further increases the risk for cancer , liver diseases, cardiovascular disorders associated with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus , osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, numerous symptoms and neurodegenerative disorders which accompany ageing (Alzheimer’s, early-onset Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, etc.). Experimental animal studies provide new insights in iron manipulation mechanisms (ferritin, frataxin, mitochondrial autophagy) involved in species longevity and suggest further investigation to elucidate possible application for treatment in human degenerative and age-related diseases.

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  1. Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Tanja Grubić Kezele

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    Marco Malavolta

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    Eugenio Mocchegiani

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Grubić Kezele, T. (2018). Iron. In: Malavolta, M., Mocchegiani, E. (eds) Trace Elements and Minerals in Health and Longevity. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03742-0_1

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