Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the communications paradigm that can provide the potential of ultimate communication. The IoT paradigm describes communication not only human to human (H2H) but also machine to machine (M2M) without the need of human interference. The Smart Grid (SG) is the new paradigm that enables highly efficient energy production, transport, and consumption along the whole chain, from the source to the user. SG is the combination of the classical power grid with emerging communication and information technologies. IoT based smart grid will be one of the largest instantiation of the IoT in the next future. In this chapter, we examine, review and present the current IoT enabler technologies for smart grid applications, starting from the physical layer to the application and data layer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
NIST framework and roadmap for smart grid interoperability standards (2014)
3GPP: Tr 45.820 cellular system support for ultra-low complexity and low throughput internet of things (CIoT), (release 13). Technical report (2015)
3GPP: 3GPP roadmap and NB-IoT time relation (2016)
3GPP: Ts 36.802, evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA); NB-IoT; technical report for BS and UE radio transmission and reception (release 13). Technical report (2016)
Agiwal, M., Roy, A., Saxena, N.: Next generation 5G wireless networks: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 18(3), 1617–1655 (2016)
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., Ayyash, M.: Internet of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 17(4), 2347–2376 (2015)
Andreev, S., Galinina, O., Pyattaev, A., Gerasimenko, M., Tirronen, T., Torsner, J., Sachs, J., Dohler, M., Koucheryavy, Y.: Understanding the IoT connectivity landscape: a contemporary M2M radio technology roadmap. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53(9), 32–40 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7263370
Aust, S., Prasad, R.V., Niemegeers, I.G.M.M.: IEEE 802.11ah: advantages in standards and further challenges for sub 1 GHz Wi-Fi. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6885–6889 (2012)
Baos-Gonzalez, V., Afaqui, M., Lopez-Aguilera, E., Garcia-Villegas, E.: IEEE 802.11ah: a technology to face the IoT challenge. Sensors (Switzerland) 16(11) (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111960
Barnaghi, P., Wang, W., Henson, C., Taylor, K.: Semantics for the internet of things: early progress and back to the future. Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst. 8(1), 1–21 (2012)
Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. Sci. Am. (2001)
Bonino, D., Procaccianti, G.: Exploiting semantic technologies in smart environments and grids: emerging roles and case studies. Sci. Comput. Program. 95(P1), 112–134 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2014.02.018
Bor, M.C., Roedig, U., Voigt, T., Alonso, J.M.: Do LoRa low-power wide-area networks scale? In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, MSWiM’16, pp. 59–67. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2016)
Bormann, C., Castellani, A.P., Shelby, Z.: CoAP: an application protocol for billions of tiny internet nodes. IEEE Internet Comput. 16(2), 62–67 (2012)
Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C.M., Maler, E., Yergeau, F.: Extensible markup language (XML) 1.0 (fifth edition). Technical report, World Wide Web Consortium (2008)
Bui, N., Castellani, A.P., Casari, P., Zorzi, M.: The internet of energy: a web-enabled smart grid system. IEEE Netw. 26(4), 39–45 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2012.6246751
Chen, J.J., Liang, J.M., Chen, Z.Y.: Energy-efficient uplink radio resource management in LTE-advanced relay networks for internet of things. In: 2014 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 745–750 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC.2014.6906449
Cohen, D.: 5G and the IoT: 5 trends and implications. Microw. J. 59(9), 44–48 (2016)
Crosby, G.V., Vafa, F.: Wireless sensor networks and LTE-A network convergence. In: 38th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 731–734 (2013)
Dateki, T., Seki, H., Minowa, M.: From LTE-advanced to 5g: mobile access system in progress. Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J. 52(2), 97–102 (2016)
Dean, M., et al.: Owl web ontology language reference (2004)
Díaz-Zayas, A., García-Pérez, C.A., Recio-Pérez, Á.M., Merino, P.: 3GPP standards to deliver LTE connectivity for IoT. In: 2016 IEEE First International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI), pp. 283–288 (2016)
Ericsson: 5G radio access, white paper, UEN 284 23-3204 Rev C. Technical report, Ericsson (2016)
Ericsson: Ericsson Mobility Report June 2017. White paper (2017). https://www.ericsson.com/en/mobility-report
Fensel, D., Bussler, C., Maedche, A.: Semantic web enabled web services. In: ISWC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2342, pp. 1–2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2002)
Fettweis, G.P.: 5G and the future of IoT. In: 42nd European Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 2016, vol. 2016-October, pp. 21–24. IEEE Computer Society (2016)
Foster, P.R., Burberry, R.A.: Antenna problems in RFID systems. In: IEE Colloquium on RFID Technology (Ref. No. 1999/123), pp. 31–35 (1999)
Frank, R., Bronzi, W., Castignani, G., Engel, T.: Bluetooth low energy: an alternative technology for vanet applications. In: 11th Annual Conference on Wireless on-Demand Network Systems and Services, IEEE/IFIP WONS 2014 - Proceedings, pp. 104–107 (2014)
Gabbar, H., Eldessouky, A., Runge, J.: Applications of energy semantic networks (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805343-0.00013-9
Gavrilovska, L., Rakovic, V., Atanasovski, V.: Visions towards 5G: technical requirements and potential enablers. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 87(3), 731–757 (2016)
Ghosh, A., Ratasuk, R., Mondal, B., Mangalvedhe, N., Thomas, T.: LTE-advanced: next-generation wireless broadband technology. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 17(3), 10–22 (2010)
Gozalvez, J.: New 3GPP standard for IoT [mobile radio]. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 11(1), 14–20 (2016)
Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Wilde, E.: A resource oriented architecture for the web of things. In: 2010 Internet of Things, IoT (2010)
Hazmi, A., Rinne, J., Valkama, M.: Feasibility study of IEEE 802.11ah radio technology for IoT and M2M use cases. In: 2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC Wkshps 2012, pp. 1687–1692 (2012)
He, H., Du, Q., Song, H., Li, W., Wang, Y., Ren, P.: Traffic-aware ACB scheme for massive access in machine-to-machine networks. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 617–622 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2015.7248390
Hippolyte, J., Howell, S., Yuce, B., Mourshed, M., Sleiman, H., Vinyals, M., Vanhee, L.: Ontology-based demand-side flexibility management in smart grids using a multi-agent system (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580828
Hoymann, C., Astely, D., Stattin, M., Wikstrom, G., Cheng, J.F., Hoglund, A., Frenne, M., Blasco, R., Huschke, J., Gunnarsson, F.: LTE release 14 outlook. IEEE Commun. Mag. 54(6), 44–49 (2016)
Huang, Y., Zhou, X.: Generalized data management model of smart grid based on ontology theory. Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Autom. Electr. Power Syst. 38(9), 114–118 (2014). https://doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20130608004
Hui, J.W., Culler, D.E.: Extending IP to low-power, wireless personal area networks. IEEE Internet Comput. 12(4), 37–45 (2008)
IEEE: IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks-part 15.4: low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) (2011)
IEEE-SEP2: 2030.5-2013-IEEE adoption of smart energy profile 2.0 application protocol standard (2013)
Jara, A.J., Olivieri, A.C., Bocchi, Y., Jung, M., Kastner, W., Skarmeta, A.F.: Semantic web of things: an analysis of the application semantics for the IoT moving towards the IoT convergence. Int. J. Web Grid Serv. 10(2–3), 244–272 (2014)
Jaradat, M., Jarrah, M., Bousselham, A., Jararweh, Y., Al-Ayyoub, M.: The internet of energy: smart sensor networks and big data management for smart grid. Procedia Comput. Sci. 56, 592–597 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.250, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915017317. (The 10th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications (FNC 2015)/The 12th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing (MobiSPC 2015) Affiliated Workshops)
Jover, R.P., Murynets, I.: Connection-less communication of IoT devices over LTE mobile networks. In: 2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON), pp. 247–255 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2015.7338323
Kamiya, T., Schneider, J.: Efficient XML interchange (EXI) format 1.0. World Wide Web Consortium (2011)
Kasparick, M., Wunder, G., Jung, P., Maryopi, D.: Bi-orthogonal waveforms for 5G random access with short message support. In: 20th European Wireless Conference, EW 2014, pp. 293–298. VDE VERLAG GMBH (2014)
Khan, R., Khan, S.U., Zaheer, R., Khan, S.: Future internet: the internet of things architecture, possible applications and key challenges. In: Proceedings - 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, FIT 2012, pp. 257–260 (2012)
Khorov, E., Lyakhov, A., Krotov, A., Guschin, A.: A survey on IEEE 802.11ah: an enabling networking technology for smart cities. Comput. Commun. 58, 53–69 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2014.08.008. (Special Issue on Networking and Communications for Smart Cities)
Kushalnagar, N., Montenegro, G., Schumacher, C.: IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6lowpans): overview, assumptions, problem statement, and goals. RFC 4919 (2007)
Liang, J.M., Chen, J.J., Cheng, H.H., Tseng, Y.C.: An energy-efficient sleep scheduling with QoS consideration in 3GPP LTE-advanced networks for internet of things. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst. 3(1), 13–22 (2013)
LoRa Alliance: a technical overview of LoRA and LoRaWAN (2015)
Manola, F., Miller, E.: RDF Primer. W3C Recommendation 10 February (2004). http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
McGuinness, D.L., van Harmelen, F., et al.: Owl web ontology language overview (2004)
Mehmood, Y., Görg, C., Muehleisen, M., Timm-Giel, A.: Mobile M2M communication architectures, upcoming challenges, applications, and future directions. Eurasip J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2015(1), 1–37 (2015)
Mikhaylov, K., Petäjäjärvi, J., Hänninen, T.: Analysis of capacity and scalability of the LoRA low power wide area network technology. In: European Wireless Conference 2016, EW 2016, pp. 119–124 (2016)
Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., Culler, D.: Transmission of IPv6 packets overt IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (2007)
Mosshammer, R., Einfalt, A., Lugmaier, A., Hodges, J., Michahelles, F.: Semantic Annotation Engine for Smart Grid Applications, pp. 132–137 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/IOT.2015.7356557
Muñoz, R., Mangues-Bafalluy, J., Vilalta, R., Verikoukis, C., Alonso-Zarate, J., Bartzoudis, N., Georgiadis, A., Payaró, M., Perez-Neira, A., Casellas, R., Martínez, R., Núñez-Martínez, J., Esteso, M.R., Pubill, D., Font-Bach, O., Henarejos, P., Serra, J., Vazquez-Gallego, F.: The CTTC 5G end-to-end experimental platform: integrating heterogeneous wireless/optical networks, distributed cloud, and IoT devices. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 11(1), 50–63 (2016)
Niu, Y., Li, Y., Jin, D., Su, L., Vasilakos, A.V.: A survey of millimeter wave communications (mmwave) for 5G: opportunities and challenges. Wirel. Netw. 21(8), 2657–2676 (2015)
Nokia: LTE evolution for IoT connectivity. Technical report, Nokia (2016)
Olyaei, B.B., Pirskanen, J., Raeesi, O., Hazmi, A., Valkama, M.: Performance comparison between slotted IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.1 lah in IoT based applications. In: International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, pp. 332–337 (2013)
Palattella, M.R., Accettura, N., Vilajosana, X., Watteyne, T., Grieco, L.A., Boggia, G., Dohler, M.: Standardized protocol stack for the internet of (important) things. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 15(3), 1389–1406 (2013)
Palattella, M.R., Dohler, M., Grieco, A., Rizzo, G., Torsner, J., Engel, T., Ladid, L.: Internet of things in the 5G Era: enablers, architecture, and business models. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 34(3), 510–527 (2016)
Petajajarvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Hamalainen, M., Iinatti, J.: Evaluation of LoRA LPWAN technology for remote health and wellbeing monitoring. In: International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology, ISMICT, vol. 2016-June (2016)
Rao, K.V.S., Nikitin, P.V., Lam, S.F.: Antenna design for UHF RFID tags: a review and a practical application. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 53(12), 3870–3876 (2005)
Ratasuk, R., Mangalvedhe, N., Ghosh, A.: Overview of LTE enhancements for cellular IoT. In: 2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 2293–2297 (2015)
Ratasuk, R., Mangalvedhe, N., Zhang, Y., Robert, M., Koskinen, J.P.: Overview of narrowband IoT in LTE Rel-13. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), pp. 1–7 (2016)
Ratasuk, R., Vejlgaard, B., Mangalvedhe, N., Ghosh, A.: NB-IoT system for M2M communication. In: 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp. 1–5 (2016)
Rico-Alvarino, A., Vajapeyam, M., Xu, H., Wang, X., Blankenship, Y., Bergman, J., Tirronen, T., Yavuz, E.: An overview of 3GPP enhancements on machine to machine communications. IEEE Commun. Mag. 54(6), 14–21 (2016)
Ruta, M., Scioscia, F., Di Sciascio, E.: Enabling the semantic web of things: framework and architecture. In: 6th IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC 2012, pp. 345–347 (2012)
Schwartz, D.G.: From open is semantics to the semantic web: the road ahead. IEEE Intell. Syst. 18(3), 52–58 (2003)
Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., Bormann, C., Frank, B.: Constrained application protocol (CoAP). Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 7252 (2014)
Skouby, K.E., Lynggaard, P.: Smart home and smart city solutions enabled by 5G, IoT, AAI and CoT services. In: 2014 International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics, IC3I 2014, pp. 874–878. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2014)
Talwar, S., Choudhury, D., Dimou, K., Aryafar, E., Bangerter, B., Stewart, K.: Enabling technologies and architectures for 5G wireless. In: 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2014)
Tan, L., Wang, N.: Future internet: the internet of things. In: 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), vol. 5, pp. V5-376–V5-380 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACTE.2010.5579543
Taneja, M.: LTE-LPWA networks for IoT applications. In: 2016 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 396–399 (2016)
Toussaint, J., Rachkidy, N.E., Guitton, A.: Performance analysis of the on-the-air activation in LoRaWAN. In: 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), pp. 1–7 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMCON.2016.7746082
Tuballa, M.L., Abundo, M.L.: A review of the development of smart grid technologies. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 59, 710–725 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.011
Vahedi, E., Ward, R.K., Blake, I.F.: Performance analysis of RFID protocols: CDMA versus the standard EPC Gen-2. IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. 11(4), 1250–1261 (2014)
Want, R.: An introduction to RFID technology. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 5(1), 25–33 (2006)
Want, R.: Near field communication. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 10(3), 4–7 (2011)
Wu, Q., Ding, G., Xu, Y., Feng, S., Du, Z., Wang, J., Long, K.: Cognitive internet of things: a new paradigm beyond connection. IEEE Internet Things J. 1(2), 129–143 (2014)
Wunder, G., Jung, P., Kasparick, M., Wild, T., Schaich, F., Chen, Y., Brink, S.T., Gaspar, I., Michailow, N., Festag, A., Mendes, L., Cassiau, N., Kténas, D., Dryjanski, M., Pietrzyk, S., Eged, B., Vago, P., Wiedmann, F.: 5GNOW: Non-orthogonal, asynchronous waveforms for future mobile applications. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(2), 97–105 (2014)
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., Zorzi, M.: Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet Things J. 1(1), 22–32 (2014)
Zayas, A.D., Merino, P.: The 3GPP NB-IoT system architecture for the internet of things. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 277–282 (2017)
Ziegler, S., Crettaz, C., Thomas, I.: IPv6 as a global addressing scheme and integrator for the internet of things and the cloud. In: Proceedings - 2014 IEEE 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, IEEE WAINA 2014, pp. 797–802 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goudos, S.K., Sarigiannidis, P., Dallas, P.I., Kyriazakos, S. (2019). Communication Protocols for the IoT-Based Smart Grid. In: Siozios, K., Anagnostos, D., Soudris, D., Kosmatopoulos, E. (eds) IoT for Smart Grids. Power Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03640-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03640-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03169-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03640-9
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)