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Free Radicals, Diabetes, and Its Complexities

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Plant and Human Health, Volume 2

Abstract

Diabetes and its complexity from a molecular and biomolecular perspective and biophysical and biochemical approach have looked less in literature. In this chapter, an overview of biomolecular research, molecular stress, and ways to prevent it and effective suggestions have been outlined.

Our experiments indicated (a) the ROS production just by sugar autoxidation alone and (b) Maillard initiation and glycotoxin formation via incubated proteins with nonsugar food preservatives. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and carbonyl-derived products are considered as two important toxic materials which are produced in glycation process due to the presence of sugar or even without sugar just by oxidative preservatives. Both of these glycotoxins are involved in protein aggregation and amyloid fibril formation, which lead to extra- or intra-protein deposition in the body. All of these abnormal structures disturb body homeostasis and can lead to diabetes and its related diseases. In addition, antioxidants have a crucial role in human health. External antibodies (like ellagic acid, curcumin, nutraceuticals, bioactive peptides) and internal antioxidants (like melatonin as sleep hormone, ketone bodies, etc.) play an important role in protection against oxidative stress, directly or indirectly, and fight with oxidative stress and cell death in special manners. Also, they can adjust and remove fibrillar protein products.

Our important message based on our original research is “diabetes mellitus is a stress-dependent disease, and stress in molecular concept is directly referred to every tension which produces free radicals. Calm and healthy living are provided by avoiding any stressors in every aspect like industrial cosmetics and hygiene products, food stress, microwave radiations, cigarettes, aromatic substances, synthetic perfumes, and alcohol.” With regard to the extra presence of oxidative agents in our common life (preservatives in food, cosmetic, and drug products), emphasis on the fundamental researches of free radicals for their better understanding and introducing potent antioxidants for public health are very important. Indeed, antioxidant capacity in human being lifestyle is one of the most important concepts for fighting with internal and external oxidative stimuli.

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Acknowledgments

The support from University of Tehran, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF), Iran’s National Elites Foundation (INEF), and UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    F. Taghavi & Ali A. Moosavi-Movahedi

  2. Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    F. Taghavi

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  1. F. Taghavi
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  2. Ali A. Moosavi-Movahedi
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Correspondence to Ali A. Moosavi-Movahedi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies Ege University, Vice President of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences Amann, Jordan, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey

    Munir Ozturk

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

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Taghavi, F., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A. (2019). Free Radicals, Diabetes, and Its Complexities. In: Ozturk, M., Hakeem, K. (eds) Plant and Human Health, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_1

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