Skip to main content

A Humanistic Perspective for Management Research: Protecting Dignity and Promoting Well-Being

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being
  • 632 Accesses

Abstract

Leading management scholars have long questioned the premises of management theory and practice (Gladwin et al. 1995; Hart 2005). Several societal and religious leaders like Pope Francis and his predecessors have given voice to many citizens around the globe who have been losing trust in the current economic and political systems as the number of societal challenges is increasing (Adams 2012; Edelman 2011). The leading academic institution of business school professors, the Academy of Management (AOM), claims to “foster [] a philosophy of management” that serves “the public’s interests” (AMJ Editors 1958). Yet, many scholars suggest that management scholarship has largely failed to contribute to the common good (Walsh et al. 2003). Already 20 years ago, AOM’s then president, Donald Hambrick, remarked about the lack of relevance of AOM’s work to society (Hambrick 1994). This tendency has been bemoaned with increasing frequency since (Aguinis and Pierce 2008; Hambrick 1994; Walsh et al. 2003), because very few contributions discuss profound and alternative managerial solutions to environmental degradation, the dangers of climate change, or increasing social inequities (Hahn et al. 2010; Hambrick 1994). This contribution is exploring reasons for why current management thought and practice is not in line with what many citizens expect and suggest. It also outlines a paradigmatic alternative to organizing and management: a humanistic paradigm that protects dignity and promotes well-being.

Some of this chapter is a reproduction of Pirson (2017): A Humanistic Perspective for Management Theory: Protecting Dignity and Promoting Well Being, Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1–20

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams S (2012) Trust in Business falls off a Cliff. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2012/06/13/trust-in-business-falls-off-a-cliff/

  • Aguinis H, Pierce CA (2008) Enhancing the relevance of organizational behavior by embracing performance management research. J Organ Behav 29:139–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aktouf O (1992) Management and theories of organizations in the 1990s: toward a critical radical humanism? Acad Manag Rev 17(3):407–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen WT (1993) Contracts and communities in corporation law. Wash Lee Law Rev 50:1395–1407

    Google Scholar 

  • Alston LJ, Ferrie JP (1993) Paternalism in agricultural labor contracts in the US South: implications for the growth of the welfare state. Am Econ Rev 83(4):852–876

    Google Scholar 

  • Alzola M (2008) Character and environment: the status of virtues in organizations. J Bus Ethics 78(3):343–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari MA, Bui LB, Utama KD, Aafaqi R (2007) Leader-member exchange and work outcomes: the mediating role of perceived delegation in the Malaysian business context. Acad Manag Proc 2007(1):1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argyris C (1973) Some limits of rational man organizational theory. Public Adm Rev 33:253–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker MC, Murphy C, Branch S, Cameron HA, Sheehan M (2005) Bullying down under: organisational strategies to address workplace bullying. Acad Manag Proc 2005(1):1

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartelheimer P, Leßmann O (2012) The capability approach: a new perspective for labor market and welfare policies? Manag Rev 23(2):93–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman SL, Wicks AC, Kotha S, Jones TM (1999) Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance. Acad Manag J 42(5):488–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton S (2007) Dimensions of dignity at work. Routledge, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bothner MS, Podolny JM, Smith EB (2011) Organizing contests for status: the Matthew effect vs. the mark effect. Manag Sci 57(3):439–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowie NE (1999) Business ethics: a Kantian perspective. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron KS, Dutton JE, Quinn RE (2003) Positive organizational scholarship: foundations of a new discipline. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Canton CG (2012) Empowering people in the business frontline: the Ruggie’s framework and the capability approach. Manag Rev 23(2):191–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll AB (1991) The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Bus Horiz 34(4):39–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan CK, Bowpitt G (2005) Human dignity and welfare systems. Chicago University Press, Chicago

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chen MJ, Miller D (2010) West meets East: toward an ambicultural approach to management. Acad Manag Perspect 24(4):17–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins CJ, Clark KD (2003) Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks, and firm performance: the role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. Acad Manag J 46(6):740–751

    Google Scholar 

  • Dacin PA, Dacin MT, Matear M (2010) Social entrepreneurship: why we don’t need a theory and how we move forward from here. Acad Manag Perspect 24(3):37–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis JH, Schoorman FD, Donaldson T (1997) Toward a stewardship theory of management. Acad Manag Rev 22(1):20–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decety J, Meyer M (2008) From emotion resonance to empathic understanding: a social developmental neuroscience account. Dev Psychopathol 20(4):1053–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deci EL, Ryan RM (1995) Human autonomy: the basis for true self-esteem. Plenum Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Seligman MEP (2004) Beyond money: toward and economy of well-being. Psychol Sci Public Interest 5:1–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dierksmeier C (2011a) The freedom-responsibility Nexus in management philosophy and business ethics. J Bus Ethics 101(2):263–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dierksmeier C (2011b) Reorienting management education: from Homo oeconomicus to human dignity. In: Network HM (ed) Business schools under fire. New York, Palgrave Macmillan

    Google Scholar 

  • Dierksmeier C (2015) Human dignity and the business of business. Hum Syst Manag 34(1):33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dierksmeier C, Pirson M (2009) Oikonomia versus chrematistike: learning from Aristotle about the future orientation of business management. J Bus Ethics 88(3):417–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson T, Walsh JP (2015) Toward a theory of business. Res Organ Behav 35:181–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton JE, Worline MC, Frost PJ, Lilius J (2006) Explaining compassion organizing. Adm Sci Q 51(1):59–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterlin RA (1974) Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In: Nations and households in economic growth. Academic, New York, p 89

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterlin R (2001) Income and happiness: towards a unified theory. Econ J 111:465–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman R (2011) Trust Barometer 2011. In: Relations EP (ed) http://edelman.com/trust/2011/. Accessed March 21 2017

  • Editors A (1958) Editor’s preface. Acad Manag J 1(1):5–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleurbaey M (2009) Beyond GDP: the quest for a measure of social welfare. J Econ Lit 47(4):1029–1075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey BS (2007) Rewards as compensation. Eur Manag Rev 2007(4):6–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey BS, Osterloh M (2005) Yes, managers should be paid like bureaucrats. J Manag Inq 14(1):96–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey B, Stutzer A (2001) Happiness and economics: how the economy and institutions affect human well-being. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Fromm E (2000) Art of loving. Continuum International Publishing Group, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fromm E (2001) The Sane Society. New York: Rinehart & Company, Inc, 1955. Print

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasper D (2004) The ethics of development- from economism to human development. Edinburg University Press, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal S (2005) Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Acad Manag Learn Educ 4(1):75–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal S, Moran P (1996) Bad for practice: a critique of the transaction cost theory. Acad Manag Rev 21(1):13–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gladwin TN, Kennelly JJ, Krause TS (1995) Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: implications for management theory and research. Acad Manag Rev 20(4):874–907

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn T, Kolk A, Winn M (2010) A new future for business? Rethinking management theory and business strategy. Bus Soc 49(3):385–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hambrick D (1994) What if the academy actually mattered? Acad Manag Rev 19(1):11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamel G (2000) Reinvent your company. Fortune 141:98–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris G (1997) Dignity and vulnerability: strength and quality of character. University of California Press, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart S (2005) Capitalism at the crossroads - the unlimited business opportunities in solving the world’s most difficult problems. Wharton School, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter S (1983) Developmental perspectives on the self-system. In: Handbook of child psychology, vol 4. Wiley, New York, pp 275–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam N (2006) Dehumanization: an integrative review. Personal Soc Psychol Rev 10(3):252–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henrich J, Boyd R, Bowles S, Camerer C, Fehr E, Gintis H, McElreath R (2001) In search of homo economicus: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. Am Econ Rev 91(2):73–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hersey P, Blanchard KH (1993) Management of organizational behavior: utilizing human resources. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzberg F (1976) The managerial choice: to be efficient and to be human. Dow Jones-Irwin, Homewood

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzberg F (1993) The motivation to work. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodson R (2001) Dignity at work. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt DM, Michael C (1983) Mentorship: a career training and development tool. Acad Manag Rev 8(3):475–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurka T (2010) The best things in life: a guide to what really matters. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Huselid MA, Jackson SE, Schuler RS (1997) Technical and strategic human resources management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. Acad Manag J 40(1):171–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen MC (2002) Value maximization, stakeholder theory and the corporate objective function. Bus Ethics Q 12(2):235–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen MC, Meckling WH (1994) The nature of man. J Appl Corp Financ 7:4–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kant I (1785) Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals. Oxford University Press, Koenigsberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasser T, Ahuvia AC (2002) Materialistic values and well-being in business students. Eur J Soc Psychol 32:137–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kateb G (2011) Human dignity. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley L, Reeser C (1973) The persistence of culture as a determinant of differentiated attitudes on the part of American managers of Japanese ancestry. Acad Manag J 16(1):67–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Khurana R (2007) From higher aims to hired hands: the social transformation of American business schools and the unfulfilled promise of management as a profession. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Khurana A (2009) Scientific management: a management idea to reach a mass audience. Global India Publications Pvt Ltd, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombach L, Meurling J (2013) Is credit enough? Business training and its effect on welfare. Acad Manag Proc 1:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luthans F (2002) The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. J Organ Behav 23:695–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luthans F, Norman S, Avolio B, Avey J (2008) The mediating role of psychological capital in the supportive organizational climate – employee performance relationship. J Organ Behav 29(2):219–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair J, Marti I (2006) Social entrepreneurship research: a source of explanation, prediction, and delight. J World Bus 41(1):36–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks SR (1974) Durkheim’s theory of anomie. Am J Sociol 80(2):329–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marx K (1906) Capital. The Modern Library, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow AH (1954) Motivation and personality. Harper & Brothers, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Matten D, Moon J (2008) “Implicit” and “explicit” CSR: a conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Acad Manag Rev 33(2):404–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayo E (1933) The human problems of an industrial civilization. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayo E (1946) The social problems of an industrial civilization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCloskey D (2010) Bourgeois dignity: why economics can’t explain the modern world. University of Chicago, Chicago

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCrudden C (2013) In pursuit of human dignity: an introduction to current debates. In: McCrudden C (ed) Understanding human dignity, vol 192. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McDermott JJ (1977) The writings of William James. Chicago University Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Mele D (2003) The challenge of humanistic management. J Bus Ethics 44(1):77–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mele D (2009) Current trends of humanism in business. In: Spitzeck H, Pirson M, Amann W, Khan S, von Kimakowitz E (eds) Humanism in business: perspectives on the development of a responsible business society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 170–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer MJ, Parent WA (1992) The constitution of rights: human dignity and American values. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mintzberg H, Simons R, Basu K (2002) Beyond selfishness. Sloan Manag Rev 44(1):67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Naughton MJ, Alford H, Brady B (1995) The common good and the purpose of the firm: a critique of the shareholder and stakeholder models from the Catholic social tradition. J Hum Values 1:221–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nida-Ruemelin J (2009) Philosophical grounds of humanism in economics. In: Spitzeck H, Pirson M, Amann W, Khan S, von Kimakowitz E (eds) Humanism in business: perspectives on the development of a responsible business society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 15–25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum M (1998) Political animals: luck, love and dignity. Metaphilosophy 29(4):273–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum M (2003) Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice. Fem Econ 9(2–3):33–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum MC (2007) Constitutions and capabilities: perception against Lofty Formalism. Harv Law Rev 121:4

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum M (2011) Creating capabilities- the human development approach. New York, Belknap

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2012) Better Life Index. http://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuringwell-beingandprogress.htm

  • Pirson M (2016) Humanistic management: protecting dignity and promoting well being. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirson M (2017) Humanistic management-protecting dignity and promoting well being. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pirson MA, Dierksmeier C (2014) Reconnecting management theory and social welfare: a humanistic perspective. Acad Manag Proc 2014(1):12245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirson M, Lawrence P (2010) Humanism in Business- towards a paradigm shift? J Bus Ethics 93:553–565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirson M, Dierksmeier C, Goodpaster KE (2015) Human dignity and business. Bus Ethics Q 24(3):501–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirson M, Goodpaster K, Dierksmeier C (2016) Guest Editors’ introduction: human dignity and business. Bus Ethics Q 26(4):465–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poruthiyil PV (2013) Weaning business ethics from strategic economism: the development ethics perspective. J Bus Ethics 116:735–749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puffer SM, McCarthy DJ (2001) Navigating the hostile maze: a framework for Russian entrepreneurship. Acad Manag Exec 15(4):24–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Raelin JA (2011) The end of managerial control? Group Org Manag 36(2):135–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard OC, Barnett T, Dwyer S, Chadwick K (2004) Cultural diversity in management, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Acad Manag J 47(2):255–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers C (1995) On becoming a person: a therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Mariner Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen C (2012) Dignity: its history and meaning. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal C (2013) Slavery’s scientific management. In: Rochman S, Beckert S, Waldstreicher D (eds) Slavery’s capitalism. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal C (2014) From slavery to scientific management. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Runco MA (2007) Creativity: theories and themes: research, development, and practice. Academic, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs J (2005) The end of poverty: economic possibilities for our time. Penguin Group, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Salanova M, Bakker AB, Llorens S (2006) Flow at work: evidence for an upward spiral of personal and organizational resources. J Happiness Stud 7:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilling MA (2000) Decades ahead of her time: advancing stakeholder theory through the ideas of Mary Parker Follett. J Manag Hist 6(5):224–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman M, Csikszentmihalyi M (2000) Positive psychology: an introduction. Am Psychol 55(1):5–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1999) Development as freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (2001) Development as freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (2002) Rationality and freedom. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA/ London

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Vredenburg H (1998) Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strateg Manag J 19(8):729–753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sison A (2008) Corporate governance and ethics: an Aristotelian perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer GM, Sutcliffe K, Dutton JE, Sonenshein S, Grant AM (2005) A socially embedded model of thriving at work. Organ Sci 16(5):537–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz J (2013) The price of inequality. W.W. Norton, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sugden R (1993) Welfare, resources, and capabilities: a review of inequality reexamined by Amartya Sen. J Econ Lit 31(4):1947–1962

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton RI (2007) The no asshole rule: building a civilized workplace and surviving one that isn’t, 1st edn. Warner Business Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor FW (1914) The principles of scientific management. Harper, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wieser F (1884) Über den Ursprung und die Hauptgesetze des wirthschaftlichen Werthes. Hölder, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddock S (2008) Building a new institutional infrastructure for corporate responsibility. Acad Manag Perspect 22(3):87–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waddock SA, Bodwell C, Graves SB (2002) Responsibility: the new business imperative. Acad Manag Exec 16(2):132–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh JP, Weber K, Margolis JD (2003) Social issues and management: our lost cause found. J Manag 29(6):859–881

    Google Scholar 

  • Warke T (2000) Mathematical fitness in the evolution of the utility concept from Bentham to Jevons to Marshall. J Hist Econ Thought 22(1):5–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waterman AS (1990) The relevance of Aristotle’s conception of eudaimonia for the psychological study of happiness. Theor Philos Psychol 10:39–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber M, Andreski S (1983) Max Weber on capitalism, bureaucracy, and religion: a selection of texts. Allen & Unwin, London/Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Wexley KN, Latham GP (2001) Developing and training human resources in organizations. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright TA (2003) Positive organizational behavior: an idea whose time has truly come. J Organ Behav 24(4):437–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright TA, Staw BM (1999) Further thoughts on the happy-productive worker. J Organ Behav 20(1):31–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Pirson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Pirson, M. (2020). A Humanistic Perspective for Management Research: Protecting Dignity and Promoting Well-Being. In: Dhiman, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_44-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_44-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02470-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02470-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics