Abstract
The science of translation has deep roots in translation attempts back to early times of humankind. Very recently it developed into many branches. Growing computational translation addresses the use of new media for translation attempts. Translation as such is an intuitive and nonempiric approach. Translation theory is focusing on communication in general and the speech act in particular. “Text” becomes a metaphor for written, oral-aural, and thought realizations of human ideas. Professional training of translators as well as theories of translation and at least the ethics of translation are in focus. An additional paragraph is given to Translationese as one challenge of the science of translation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arduini, S. (2007). Introduction: Epistemology and theory, in Africa. In P. A. Noss (Ed.), A history of Bible translation (pp. 185–193). Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
Austin, J. L. (1976). How to do things with words. Oxford: Clarendon.
Baker, M. (2001). Translation studies. In M. Baker & K. Malmkjaer (Eds.), Routledge encyclopaedia of translation studies (pp. 277–280). London: Routledge.
Baker, M., & Malmkjaer, K. (Eds.). (2001). Encyclopedia of translation studies. London: Routledge.
Bascom, R. (2003). The role of culture in translation. In T. Wilt (Ed.), Bible translation: Frames of reference (pp. 81–111). Manchester: St. Jerome.
Beekman, J., & Callow, J. (1974). Translating the word of god. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
Bernardini, S., & Baroni, M. (2005). Spotting translationese: A corpus-driven approach using support vector machines. In Proceedings of corpus linguistics 2005, Birmingham. Online in the Internet. www.corpus.bham.ac.uk/pclc/translationese.doc [Word-File]. Accessed 18 Apr 2017.
Bernardini, S., & Baroni, M. (2006). A new approach to the study of translationese: Machine-learning the difference between original and translated text. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 21(3), 259–274.
Borg, M. J. (2001). Reading the Bible again for the first time: Taking the Bible seriously but not literally. San Francisco: Harper.
Braun, S. (2001). Ein kognitives Modell der Kommunikation: die Relevanztheorie. Oder: Wie verstehen wir, was wir verstehen? Frankfurt (Oder): Europa-Universität Viadrina. Online. http://www.hausarbeiten.de/spiegel/vorschau/11311.html [PDF-File]. Accessed 28 Apr 2017 [English edition: A cognitive model of communication: Relevance theory. Or: How do we understand what we understand?].
Carrithers, M. (1992). Why humans have cultures: Explaining anthropology and social diversity. Oxford: Opus.
Chesterman, A. (2001). Proposal for a hieronymic oath. In A. Pym (Ed.), The translator: Studies in intercultural communication (Vol. 7/2, pp. 139–154). Manchester: St. Jerome.
de Waard, J., & Nida, E. A. (1986). From one language to another: Functional equivalence in Bible translating. Nashville: Thomas Nelson (FOLIA).
Fawcett, P. (1997). Translation and language: Linguistic theories explained. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Feyaerts, K. (2003). Introduction. In K. Feyaerts (Ed.), The Bible through metaphor and translation: A cognitive semantic perspective (pp. 7–12). Oxford: Peter Lang.
Fowler, H. W. (1965). A dictionary of modern English usage, 2nd ed. Revised by Ernest Gowers. London: Oxford University Press.
Frawley, W. (1984). Prolegomenon to a theory of translation. In W. Frawley (Ed.), Translation: Literary, linguistic and philosophical perspectives (pp. 159–175). London: Associated University Presses.
Gellerstam, M. (1986). Translationese in Swedish novels translated from English. In L. Wollin & H. Lindquist (Eds.), Translation studies in Scandinavia (pp. 88–95). Lund: CWK Gleerup.
Gellerstam, M. (1996). Translations as a source for cross-linguistic studies. In K. Aijmer, B. Altenberg, & M. Johansson (Eds.), Languages in contrast (pp. 53–62). Lund: Lund University Press.
Gentzler, E. (2001). Contemporary translation theories, 2nd revised ed. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Speech acts (pp. 41–58). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gutt, E.-A. ([1991] 2000). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context, 2nd ed. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Halverson, S. L. (2008). Translations as institutional facts: An ontology for “assumed translation”. In A. Pym, M. Shlesinger, & D. Simeoni (Eds.), Beyond descriptive translation studies: Investigations in homage to Gideon Toury (pp. 343–361). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hermans, T. (1999). Translation in systems – Descriptive and system-oriented approaches explained. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Hill, H., Gutt, E.-A., Hill, M., Unger, C., & Floyd, R. (2011). Bible translation basics: Communicating scripture in a relevant way. Dallas: SIL International.
Holmes, J. S. ([1988] 1994). Translated! Papers on literary translation and translation studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Holz-Mänttäri, J. (1984). Translatorisches Handeln, Theorie und Methode. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. [English edition: Translational action, theory and method].
House, J. (1977). A model for translation quality assessment. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Katan, D. (1999). Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters and mediators. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Kiraly, D. (2000). A social constructivist approach to translator education. Empowerment from theory to practice. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Koller, W. (1978). Kritik der Theorie der Übersetzungskritik. IRAL, XVI(2), 89–108.
Kuhn, T. S. ([1962] 1963). The structure of scientific revolutions. International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, II, 2.
Larson, M. L. (1984). A guide to cross-language equivalence. New York: University Press of America.
Laviosa-Braitwaith, S. (1998). Universals in translation. In M. Baker & K. Malmkjaer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of translation studies (pp. 288–291). London: Routledge.
Leman, W. (2009). Translation glossary. Online in the Internet. http://bible-translation.110mb.com/glosst.htm. Accessed 17 Apr 2017.
Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. ([2005] 2008). Theories of human communication, 9th ed. Belmont: Thomson.
McQuail, D. ([1983] 2007). McQuails mass communication theory, 5th ed. Reprint. London: Sage.
Mojola, A. O., & Wendland, E. R. (2003). Scripture translation in the era of translation studies. In T. Wilt (Ed.), Bible translation: Frames of reference (pp. 1–26). Manchester: St. Jerome.
Neubert, A. (1986). Translatorische Relativität. In Snell-Hornby, M. (Hg.) Übersetzungswissenschaft – eine Neuorientierung: Zur Integrierung von Theorie und Praxis (pp. 85–105). Tübingen: Francke. [English edition: Translational relativity. In M. Snell-Hornby (Ed.), The science of tranlsation – A reorientation: On the integration of theory and practice].
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a science of translating: With special reference to principles and procedures involved in Bible translating. Leiden: Brill (TASOT).
Nida, E. A. ([1960] 1990). Message and mission: The communication of the Christian faith, Rev. ed. Preface from Charles Kraft. Pasadena: William Carey.
Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1969). Theorie und Praxis des Übersetzens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bibelübersetzung. New York: Weltbund der Bibelgesellschaften (UBS). [English edition: Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1969). The theory and practice of translation. Leiden: Brill (TAPOT)].
Nika, H. (1999). The relationship between interpreting and translator-variants. Online in the Internet. http://www.geocities.com/~tolk/lic/LIC990329p8.htm. Stand 17 Dec 2010.
Nord, C. ([1997] 2001). Translating as a purposeful activity: Functionalist approaches explained. Reprint. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Nord, C. (2003). Textanalyse und Übersetzen: Theoretische Grundlagen, Methode und didaktische Anwendung einer übersetzungsrelevanten Textanalyse (3rd ed.). Tübingen: Julius Groos. [English edition: Text analysis and translation: Theoretical foundations, methods and didactic practice of a translation-relevant text analysis, 3rd ed.].
Nord, C. (2004). Loyalität als ethisches Verhalten im Translationsprozess. In I. Müller (Ed.), Und sie bewegt sich doch… Tanslationswissenschaft in Ost und in West, Festschrift für Heidemarie Salevsky zum 60. Geburtstag (pp. 234–245). Frankfurt: Peter Lang. [English edition: Loyality as ethical behaviour in the translation process. In I. Müller (Ed.), And still she is moving… Science of translation in East and West, Festschrift for Heidemarie Salevsky on her 60th birthday].
Puurtinen, T. (2003). Genre-specific features of translationese? Linguistic differences between translated and non-translated Finnish children’s literature. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 18(4), 389–406. [And Online in the Internet. http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/4/389. Accessed 17 Apr 2017].
Pym, A. (2007). On the historical epistemologies of Bible translating. In P. A. Noss (Ed.), A history of Bible translation (pp. 195–215). Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
Pym, A. D. (2009). Natural and directional equivalence in theories of translation. In Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer (Eds.), The metalanguage of translation (pp. 81–104). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Pym, A., & Turk, H. (2001). Translatability. In M. Baker & K. Malmkjaer (Eds.), Routledge encyclopaedia of translation studies (pp. 273–277). London: Routledge.
Reiss, K. (1971). Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Übersetzungskritik: Kategorien und Kriterien für eine sachgerechte Beurteilung von Übersetzungen. Munich: Hüber. [English edition: Options and limits of translation critiques: Categories and criteria for a proper assessment of translations].
Reiss, K., & Vermeer, H. J. ([1984] 1991). Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie. Zweite Aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. [English edition: Foundation of a general science of translation, 2nd ed.].
Rizzi, A. (2008). When a text is both a pseudotranslation and a translation: The enlightening case of Matteo Maria Boiardo (1441–1494). In A. Pym, M. Shlesinger, & D. Simeoni (Eds.), Beyond descriptive translation studies: Investigations in homage to Gideon Toury (pp. 153–162). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Robinson, D. (2002). Western translation theory: From Herodotus to Nietzsche. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. ([1986] 1995). Relevance, communication and cognition, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
Steiner, G. (1990). Von realer Gegenwart: Hat unser Sprechen Inhalt? München: Carl Hanser. [English edition: Steiner, G. (1989). Real presences. London: Faber and Faber].
Steiner, G. ([1981] 2004). Nach Babel: Aspekte der Sprache und des Übersetzens. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. [English edition: Steiner, G. ([1975] 1992). After Babel: Aspects of language and translation, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press].
Taft, R. (1981). The role and personality of the mediator. In S. Bochner (Ed.), The mediating person: Bridges between cultures (pp. 53–88). Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.
Tirkkonen-Condit, S. (2002). Translationese – A myth or an empirical fact? A study into the linguistic identifiability of translated language. Targets, 14(2), 207–220.
Toury, G. (1995). Descriptive translation studies and beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Vannerem, M., & Snell-Hornby, M. (1986). Die Szene hinter dem text: “Scenes-and-frames semantics” in der Übersetzung. In M. Snell-Hornby (Ed.), Übersetzungswissenschaft – eine Neuorientierung: Zur Integrierung von Theorie und Praxis (pp. 184–205). Tübingen: Francke. [English edition: The scenery behind the text: “Scene-and frames semantics” in translation. In Snell-Hornby, M. (Ed.), The science of translation a re-orientation: About the integration of theory and practice].
Venuti, L. S. (1998). The scandals of translation: Towards an ethics of difference. London: Routledge.
Venuti, L. S. ([1995] 2008). The translator’s invisibility: A history of translation, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J. H., & Jackson, D. D. ([1967] 1993). Menschliche Kommunikation: Formen, Störungen, Paradoxien, 8th ed. Stuttgart: Hans Huber. [English edition: Human Kommunikation: Various forms, disturbances, paradoxes, 8th ed.].
Wendland, E. R. (2004). Translating the literature of scripture: A literary-rhetorical approach to Bible translation. Dallas: SIL International.
Werner, E. (2011). Bibelübersetzung in Theorie und Praxis: Eine Darstellung ihrer Interdisziplinarität anhand der Ausbildungspraxis. Hamburg: Kovač. [English edition: Bible translation in theory and practice: An overview about its interdisciplinarity exemplified on the practice of training].
Wilss, W. (1982). The science of translation: Problems and methods. Tübingen: Gunther Narr.
Wilss, W. (1984). Zum Theorie-Praxis-Bezug der Übersetzungswissenschaft: Neue Entwicklungen. In J. Gnilka, & H. P. Rüger (Eds.), Die Übersetzung der Bibel: Aufgabe der Theologie (pp. 19–32). Bielefeld: Luther-Verlag. [English edition: On the theory-practice relation in the science of translation: New developments. In J. Gnilka, & H. P. Rüger (Eds.), The translation of the Bible: The task of theology].
Wilt, T. (2003). Bible translation: Frames of reference. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Yri, K. M. (2003). Recreating religion: The translation of central religious terms in the light of a cognitive approach to semantics. In K. Feyaerts (Ed.), The Bible through metaphor and translation: A cognitive semantic perspective (pp. 188–203). Oxford: Peter Lang.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Werner, E. (2020). Science of Translation. In: Brunn, S., Kehrein, R. (eds) Handbook of the Changing World Language Map. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_105
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_105
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02437-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02438-3
eBook Packages: Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences