Skip to main content

Viral Encephalitides Including Rabies and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: Impact in Transplant Donors and Recipients

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Emerging Transplant Infections

Abstract

This chapter is a review of rare yet clinically relevant viral encephalitides that have been transmitted from organ donors to recipients. We will discuss the potential pitfalls in diagnosing and managing these illnesses and also discuss the challenges and next steps to better outcomes from these infections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kotton CN. Zoonoses in solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(6):857–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Basavaraju SV, Kuehnert MJ, Zaki SR, Sejvar JJ. Encephalitis caused by pathogens transmitted through organ transplants, United States, 2002–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(9):1443–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Burton EC, Burns DK, Opatowsky MJ, El-Feky WH, Fischbach B, Melton L, et al. Rabies encephalomyelitis: clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological findings in 4 transplant recipients. Arch Neurol. 2005;62(6):873–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Vora NM, Basavaraju SV, Feldman KA, Paddock CD, Orciari L, Gitterman S, et al. Raccoon rabies virus variant transmission through solid organ transplantation. JAMA. 2013;310(4):398–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Javadi MA, Fayaz A, Mirdehghan SA, Ainollahi B. Transmission of rabies by corneal graft. Cornea. 1996;15(4):431–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lu XX, Zhu WY, Wu GZ. Rabies virus transmission via solid organs or tissue allotransplantation. Infect Dis Poverty. 2018;7(1):82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Bronnert J, Wilde H, Tepsumethanon V, Lumlertdacha B, Hemachudha T. Organ transplantations and rabies transmission. J Travel Med. 2007;14(3):177–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dietzschold B, Koprowski H. Rabies transmission from organ transplants in the USA. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):648–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. CDC. Investigation of rabies infections in organ donor and transplant recipients – Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53(26):586–9.

    Google Scholar 

  10. CDC. First human death associated with raccoon rabies – Virginia, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52(45):1102–3.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang J, Lin J, Tian Y, Ma L, Sun W, Zhang L, et al. Transmission of rabies through solid organ transplantation: a notable problem in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):273.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Fischer SA, Graham MB, Kuehnert MJ, Kotton CN, Srinivasan A, Marty FM, et al. Transmission of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by organ transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(21):2235–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hay E, Derazon H, Bukish N, Scharf S, Rishpon S. Postexposure rabies prophylaxis in a patient with lymphoma. JAMA. 2001;285(2):166–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rodríguez-Romo R, Morales-Buenrostro LE, Lecuona L, Escalante-Santillán N, Velasco-Villa A, Kuzmin I, et al. Immune response after rabies vaccine in a kidney transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2011;13(5):492–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vora NM, Orciari LA, Niezgoda M, Selvaggi G, Stosor V, Lyon GM, et al. Clinical management and humoral immune responses to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among three patients who received solid organs from a donor with rabies. Transpl Infect Dis. 2015;17(3):389–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Tanveer F, Younas M, Fishbain J. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningoencephalitis in a renal transplant recipient following exposure to mice. Transpl Infect Dis. 2018;20(6):e13013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rousseau MC, Saron MF, Brouqui P, Bourgeade A. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in southern France: four case reports and a review of the literature. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997;13(7):817–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bonthius DJ. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an underrecognized cause of neurologic disease in the fetus, child, and adult. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2012;19(3):89–95.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Palacios G, Druce J, Du L, Tran T, Birch C, Briese T, et al. A new arenavirus in a cluster of fatal transplant-associated diseases. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(10):991–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Macneil A, Ströher U, Farnon E, Campbell S, Cannon D, Paddock CD, et al. Solid organ transplant-associated lymphocytic choriomeningitis, United States, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(8):1256–62.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Hickerson BT, Westover JB, Jung KH, Komeno T, Furuta Y, Gowen BB. Effective treatment of experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: consideration of favipiravir for use with infected organ transplant recipients. J Infect Dis. 2018;218(4):522–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Pouch SM, Katugaha SB, Shieh WJ, Annambhotla P, Walker WL, Basavaraju SV, et al. Transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus from an organ donor to three transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;69(3):450–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Schlottau K, Forth L, Angstwurm K, Höper D, Zecher D, Liesche F, et al. Fatal encephalitic Borna disease virus 1 in solid-organ transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(14):1377–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Guidance for recognizing central nervous system infections in potential deceased organ donors. Available at https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/guidance/guidance-for-recognizing-central-nervous-system-infections-in-potential-deceased-organ-donors/. Accessed 27 May 2019.

  25. Malinis M, Boucher HW, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Screening of donor and candidate prior to solid organ transplantation – guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transpl. 2019;33:e13548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wolfe CR, Ison MG, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Donor-derived infections: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transpl. 2019;33:e13547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Smalley HK, Anand N, Buczek D, Buczek N, Lin T, Rajore T, et al. Assessment of risk for transplant-transmissible infectious encephalitis among deceased organ donors. Transpl Infect Dis. 2018;20(5):e12933.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Guidance for recognizing central nervous system infections in potential deceased organ donors: what to consider during donor evaluation and organ offers. Available at https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/ContentDocuments/Guidance_DTAC_CNS_Infections.pdf (Internet).

  29. Avery RK, Michaels MG, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Strategies for safe living following solid organ transplantation – guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transpl. 2019;33:e13519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wilson MR, Zimmermann LL, Crawford ED, Sample HA, Soni PR, Baker AN, et al. Acute West Nile virus meningoencephalitis diagnosed via metagenomic deep sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid in a renal transplant patient. Am J Transplant. 2017;17(3):803–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Chiu CY, Coffey LL, Murkey J, Symmes K, Sample HA, Wilson MR, et al. Diagnosis of fatal human case of St. Louis encephalitis virus infection by metagenomic sequencing, California, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(10):1964–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Srinivasan A, Burton EC, Kuehnert MJ, Rupprecht C, Sutker WL, Ksiazek TG, et al. Transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(11):1103–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicole M. Theodoropoulos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Khole, A., Theodoropoulos, N.M. (2020). Viral Encephalitides Including Rabies and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: Impact in Transplant Donors and Recipients. In: Morris, M.I., Kotton, C.N., Wolfe, C. (eds) Emerging Transplant Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01751-4_42-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01751-4_42-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01751-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01751-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics