Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Operational Semantics of an Extension of ODRL Able to Express Obligations

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Multi-Agent Systems and Agreement Technologies (EUMAS 2017, AT 2017)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 10767))

Abstract

Nowadays economy is every day more and more a digital economy where many human activities are performed by means of digital devices. Those digital activities produce and operate on a big amount of digital assets, as the data stored in datasets, documents, images, videos or audio files. Rationally, it is useless that digital assets are made public without the specification of constrains on their usage and access. Many formal languages for expressing licenses, policies, norms, agreements, and contracts have been proposed in literature. Among them, the Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) is a quite general one. In this paper, we present an extension of the syntax of ODRL for expressing conditional obligations. We present also an operational semantics of this extension with the goal of being able to perform automatic reasoning on the dynamic evolution in time of obligations. The definition of such operational semantics will be based on the specification of the lifecycle of obligations and on the definition of the mechanisms for computing their state using automatic reasoning. In particular, for doing that we use as far as possible, W3C standards: RDF and RDF Schema for the specification of obligations, and the Apache Jena general purpose rule engine for efficiently deducing the state of obligations on the bases of the state of the interaction among agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.w3.org/wiki/WebAccessControl.

  2. 2.

    https://www.w3.org/community/odrl/model/2.1/.

  3. 3.

    A preview of the new, even if unstable, ODRL Information Model is available at https://www.w3.org/TR/odrl-model/.

  4. 4.

    http://schema.org/Action.

  5. 5.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/.

  6. 6.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-owl-time-20060927/.

  7. 7.

    Available at http://www.people.usi.ch/fornaran/ontology/Event.

  8. 8.

    Available at http://www.people.usi.ch/fornaran/ontology/NormativeLanguage.

  9. 9.

    Documentation available at https://jena.apache.org/documentation/inference/.

  10. 10.

    More precisely “there are two internal rule engines one forward chaining RETE engine and one tabled datalog engine - they can be run separately or the forward engine can be used to prime the backward engine which in turn will be used to answer queries.”.

References

  1. Abelson, H., Creative Commons (Organization): CcREL: The Creative Commons Rights Expression Language (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Becker, S., Hück, B., Naujokat, K., Schmeiser, A.F., Kasten, A.: ODRL 2.0 revisited. In: Horbach, M. (ed.) GI-Jahrestagung. LNI, vol. 220, pp. 3081–3095. GI (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bradshaw, J.M., et al.: The KAoS Policy Services Framework. In: Eighth Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research Workshop (CSIIRW 2013), Oak Ridge, p. 2013. Oak Ridge National Labs, TN (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. da Silva Figueiredo, K., Torres da Silva, V., de Oliveira Braga, C.: Modeling norms in multi-agent systems with NormML. In: De Vos, M., Fornara, N., Pitt, J.V., Vouros, G. (eds.) COIN -2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6541, pp. 39–57. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21268-0_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Fornara, N.: Specifying and monitoring obligations in open multiagent systems using semantic web technology. In: Elçi, A., Koné, M.T., Orgun, M.A. (eds.) Semantic Agent Systems: Foundations and Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 344, pp. 25–46. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18308-9_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Fornara, N., Colombetti, M.: Representation and monitoring of commitments and norms using OWL. AI Commun. 23(4), 341–356 (2010)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Fornara, N., Marfia, F.: Modeling and enforcing access control obligations for SPARQL-DL queries. In: Fensel, A., Zaveri, A., Hellmann, S., Pellegrini, T. (eds.) Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Semantic Systems, SEMANTICS 2016, Leipzig, Germany, 12–15 September 2016, pp. 145–152. ACM (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Governatori, G., Rotolo, A.: BIO logical agents: norms, beliefs, intentions in defeasible logic. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst. 17(1), 36–69 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Governatori, G., Rotolo, A., Villata, S., Gandon, F.: One license to compose them all. In: Alani, H., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2013, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8218, pp. 151–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41335-3_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Iannella, R., Guth, S., Paehler, D., Kasten, A.: ODRL Version 2.1 Core Model (2015). https://www.w3.org/community/odrl/model/2.1/. Accessed 15 Sept 2017

  11. Jain, P., Hitzler, P., Janowicz, K., Venkatramani, C.: There’s no money in linked data (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kagal, L., Finin, T.W., Joshi, A.: A policy language for a pervasive computing environment. In: 4th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY 2003), 4–6 June 2003, Lake Como, Italy, p. 63. IEEE Computer Society (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kasten, A., Grimm, R.: Making the semantics of ODRL and URM explicit using web ontologies. In: Virtual Goods, pp. 77–91 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Meditskos, G., Bassiliades, N.: Dlejena: a practical forward-chaining OWL 2 RL reasoner combining jena and pellet. J. Web Sem. 8(1), 89–94 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Moses, T.: Extensible access control markup language (xacml) version 2.0. OASIS Standard, 200502 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Nguyen, T.T., Fornara, N., Marfia, F.: Automatic policy enforcement on semantic social data. Multiagent Grid Syst. 11(3), 121–146 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rodríguez-Doncel, V., Villata, S., Gómez-Pérez, A.: A dataset of RDF licenses. In: Hoekstra, R. (ed.) Legal Knowledge and Information Systems - JURIX 2014: The Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference. Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, 10–12 December 2014. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 271, pp. 187–188. IOS Press (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sensoy, M., Norman, T.J., Vasconcelos, W.W., Sycara, K.P.: OWL-POLAR: a framework for semantic policy representation and reasoning. J. Web Sem. 12, 148–160 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Steyskal, S., Polleres, A.: Towards formal semantics for ODRL policies. In: Bassiliades, N., Gottlob, G., Sadri, F., Paschke, A., Roman, D. (eds.) RuleML 2015. LNCS, vol. 9202, pp. 360–375. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21542-6_23

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Uszok, A., et al.: New developments in ontology-based policy management: Increasing the practicality and comprehensiveness of kaos. In: 9th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY 2008), 2–4 June 2008, Palisades, New York, USA, pp. 145–152. IEEE Computer Society (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Università della Svizzera italiana, via G. Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland

    Nicoletta Fornara

  2. Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy

    Marco Colombetti

Authors
  1. Nicoletta Fornara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marco Colombetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicoletta Fornara .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Évry Val d'Essonne, Paris Saclay, France

    Francesco Belardinelli

  2. Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Estefanía Argente

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Fornara, N., Colombetti, M. (2018). Operational Semantics of an Extension of ODRL Able to Express Obligations. In: Belardinelli, F., Argente, E. (eds) Multi-Agent Systems and Agreement Technologies. EUMAS AT 2017 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10767. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01713-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01713-2_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01712-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01713-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation