Abstract
Nervous systems are formidably complex networks of nonlinear interacting components that self organise and continually adapt to enable flexible behaviour. Robust and reliable function is therefore non-trivial to achieve and requires a number of dynamic mechanisms and design principles that are the subject of current research in neuroscience. A striking feature of these principles is that they resemble engineering solutions, albeit at a greater level of complexity and layered organisation than any artificial system. I will draw on these observations to argue that biological robustness in the nervous system remains a deep scientific puzzle, but not one that demands radically new concepts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, L., & LeMasson, G. (1993). Analysis of neuron models with dynamically regulated conductances. Neural Computation, 5, 823–842.
Banker, G. A., & Cowan, W. M. (1977). Rat hippocampal neurons in dispersed cell culture. Brain Research, 126, 397–342.
Banker, G. A., & Cowan, W. M. (1979). Further observations on hippocampal neurons in dispersed cell culture. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 187, 469–493.
Bekkers, J. M., & Stevens, C. F. (1991). Excitatory and inhibitory autaptic currents in isolated hippocampal neurons maintained in cell culture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88, 7834–7838.
Carlson, J. M., & Doyle, J. (2000). Highly optimized tolerance: Robustness and design in complex systems. Physical Review Letters, 84, 2529–2532.
Conant, R. C., & Ross Ashby, W. (1970). Every good regulator of a system must be a model of that system. International Journal of Systems Science, 1, 89–97.
Csete, M. E., & Doyle, J. C. (2002). Reverse engineering of biological complexity. Science, 295, 1664–1669.
Davis, G. W. (2006). Homeostatic control of neural activity: From phenomenology to molecular design. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 29, 307–323.
Davis, G. W., & Bezprozvanny, I. (2001). Maintaining the stability of neural function: A homeostatic hypothesis. Annual Review of Physiology, 63, 847–869.
Desai, N. S. (2003). Homeostatic plasticity in the CNS: Synaptic and intrinsic forms. Journal of Physiology, Paris, 97, 391–402.
Desai, N. S., Rutherford, L. C., & Turrigiano, G. G. (1999). Plasticity in the intrinsic excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 515–520.
Drion, G., O’Leary, T., & Marder, E. (2015). Ion channel degeneracy enables robust and tunable neuronal firing rates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E5361–E5370.
Edelman, G. M., & Gally, J. A. (2001). Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 13763–13768.
Grubb, M. S., & Burrone, J. (2010). Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability. Nature, 465, 1070–U1131.
Harnack, D., Pelko, M., Chaillet, A., Chitour, Y., & van Rossum, M. C. (2015). Stability of neuronal networks with homeostatic regulation. PLoS Computational Biology, 11, e1004357.
Hengen, K. B., Lambo, M. E., Van Hooser, S. D., Katz, D. B., & Turrigiano, G. G. (2013). Firing rate homeostasis in visual cortex of freely behaving rodents. Neuron, 80, 335–342.
Hodgkin, A. L., & Huxley, A. F. (1952a). The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. The Journal of Physiology, 116, 473–496.
Hodgkin, A. L., & Huxley, A. F. (1952b). Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. The Journal of Physiology, 116, 449–472.
Hopfield, J. J. (1982). Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Vol. 79, pp. 2554–2558).
Maffei, A., & Turrigiano, G. G. (2008). Multiple modes of network homeostasis in visual cortical layer 2/3. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 4377–4384.
Marder, E., & Goaillard, J. M. (2006). Variability, compensation and homeostasis in neuron and network function. Nature Reviews, 7, 563–574.
O’Leary, T., & Wyllie, D. J. A. (2011). Neuronal homeostasis: Time for a change? The Journal of Physiology, 589, 4811–4826.
O’Leary, T., van Rossum, M. C. W., & Wyllie, D. J. A. (2010). Homeostasis of intrinsic excitability in hippocampal neurones: Dynamics and mechanism of the response to chronic depolarization. The Journal of Physiology, 588, 157–170.
O’Leary, T., Williams, A. H., Franci, A., & Marder, E. (2014). Cell types, network homeostasis, and pathological compensation from a biologically plausible ion channel expression model. Neuron, 82, 809–821.
Turrigiano, G. (2007). Homeostatic signaling: The positive side of negative feedback. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17, 318–324.
Turrigiano, G., Abbott, L. F., & Marder, E. (1994). Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons. Science, 264, 974–977.
Turrigiano, G., LeMasson, G., & Marder, E. (1995). Selective regulation of current densities underlies spontaneous changes in the activity of cultured neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience, 15, 3640–3652.
Turrigiano, G. G., Leslie, K. R., Desai, N. S., Rutherford, L. C., & Nelson, S. B. (1998). Activity-dependent scaling of quantal amplitude in neocortical neurons. Nature, 391, 892–896.
Wheeler, D. G., Groth, R. D., Ma, H., Barrett, C. F., Owen, S. F., Safa, P., & Tsien, R. W. (2012). Ca(V)1 and Ca(V)2 channels engage distinct modes of Ca(2+) signaling to control CREB-dependent gene expression. Cell, 149, 1112–1124.
Willems, J. C. (2007). The behavioral approach to open and interconnected systems. IEEE Control Systems, 27, 46–99.
Acknowledgements
I acknowledge support from ERC-StG grant 716643 FLEXNEURO.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
O’Leary, T. (2018). Can Engineering Principles Help Us Understand Nervous System Robustness?. In: Bertolaso, M., Caianiello, S., Serrelli, E. (eds) Biological Robustness. History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01198-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01198-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01197-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01198-7
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)