Abstract
Visual quality and bit-rate increase are two main metrics of evaluation for many researchers to evaluate the marked videos that additional data is embedded into. In this paper, we combine matrix embedding with several assumptions to propose a novel data hiding method in H.264/AVC video stream. The assumptions can be exploited to analyse the propagation of intra-frame distortion. Namely, both matrix embedding and the given assumptions are used for improving the quality of marked videos. Therefore, although the proposed scheme cannot completely avoid the intra-frame distortion drift, it can keep a few degradations in terms of visual quality and keep a small variation in bit-rate increase. Experimental results have verified that the proposed method has no significant degradation in terms of visual quality (i.e., PSNR and SSIM) and indeed obtains a very small variation in bit-rate increase.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Petitcolas, F.A.P., Anderson, R.J., Kuhn, M.G.: Information hiding-a survey. Proc. IEEE 87(7), 1062–1078 (1999)
Xu, D., Wang, R., Shi, Y.Q.: Data hiding in encrypted H.264/AVC video streams by codeword substitution. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 9(4), 596–606 (2014)
Cao, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, X., Yu, H.: Covert communication by compressed videos exploiting the uncertainty of motion estimation. IEEE Commun. Lett. 19(2), 203–206 (2015)
Bloch, M.R.: Covert communication over noisy channels: a resolvability perspective. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 62(5), 2334–2354 (2016)
Goldwasser, S., Micali, S.: Probabilistic encryption. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 28(2), 270–299 (1984)
Wu, H.Z., Wang, H.X., Shi, Y.Q.: PPE-based reversible data hiding. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security, New York, NY, USA, pp. 187–188. ACM (2016)
Asikuzzaman, M., Pickering, M.R.: An overview of digital video watermarking. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PP(99), 1 (2017)
Ma, X., Zeng, W.K., Yang, L.T., Zou, D., Jin, H.: Lossless ROI privacy protection of H.264/AVC compressed surveillance videos. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 4(3), 349–362 (2016)
Peng, Y., Lan, H., Yue, M., Xue, Y.: Multipurpose watermarking for vector map protection and authentication. Multimed. Tools Appl. 77, 7239–7259 (2017)
Zhang, X., Wang, S.: Efficient steganographic embedding by exploiting modification direction. IEEE Commun. Lett. 10(11), 781–783 (2006)
Chen, Y., Wang, H., Wu, H., Liu, Y.: An adaptive data hiding algorithm with low bitrate growth for H.264/AVC video stream. Multimed. Tools Appl. 77, 1–19 (2017)
Fallahpour, M., Shirmohammadi, S., Ghanbari, M.: A high capacity data hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC video. Secur. Commun. Netw. 8(16), 2947–2955 (2015)
Ma, X., Li, Z., Tu, H., Zhang, B.: A data hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC video streams without intra-frame distortion drift. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 20(10), 1320–1330 (2010)
Fridrich, J., Soukal, D.: Matrix embedding for large payloads. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 1(3), 390–395 (2006)
Wiegand, T., Sullivan, G.J., Bjontegaard, G., Luthra, A.: Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(7), 560–576 (2003)
Liu, Y., Chen, L., Hu, M., Jia, Z., Jia, S., Zhao, H.: A reversible data hiding method for H.264 with shamirs (t, n)-threshold secret sharing. Neurocomputing 188, 63–70 (2016)
H.264/AVC Reference Software JM12.0. http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/download/old_jm/
H.264/AVC Reference Video Sequences. https://media.xiph.org/video/derf/
Lie, A., Klaue, J.: Evalvid-RA: trace driven simulation of rate adaptive MPEG-4 VBR video. Multimed. Syst. 14(1), 33–50 (2008)
Yu, J., Li, F., Cheng, H., Zhang, X.: Spatial steganalysis using contrast of residuals. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 23(7), 989–992 (2016)
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under the grant No. U1536110.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chen, Y., Wang, H., Wu, H., Chen, Y., Liu, Y. (2018). A Data Hiding Scheme with High Quality for H.264/AVC Video Streams. In: Sun, X., Pan, Z., Bertino, E. (eds) Cloud Computing and Security. ICCCS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11066. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00015-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00015-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00014-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00015-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)