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Mutagen Sensitivity as Measured by Induced Chromatid Breakage as a Marker of Cancer Risk

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Molecular Toxicology Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1105))

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Abstract

Risk assessment is now recognized as a multidisciplinary process, extending beyond the scope of traditional epidemiologic methodology to include biological evaluation of interindividual differences in carcinogenic susceptibility. Modulation of environmental exposures by host genetic factors may explain much of the observed interindividual variation in susceptibility to carcinogenesis. These genetic factors include, but are not limited to, carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair capacity. This chapter describes a standardized method for the functional assessment of mutagen sensitivity. This in vitro assay measures the frequency of mutagen-induced breaks in the chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagen sensitivity assessed by this method has been shown to be a significant risk factor for tobacco-related maladies, especially those of the upper aerodigestive tract. Mutagen sensitivity may therefore be a useful member of a panel of susceptibility markers for defining high-risk subgroups for chemoprevention trials. This chapter describes methods for and discusses results from studies of mutagen sensitivity as measured by quantifying chromatid breaks induced by clastogenic agents, such as the γ-radiation mimetic DNA cross-linking agent bleomycin and chemicals that form so-called bulky DNA adducts, such as 4-nitroquinoline and the tobacco smoke constituent benzo[a]pyrene, in short-term cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 189, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Xifeng Wu

  2. Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Yun-Ling Zheng

  3. Department of Cancer Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    T. C. Hsu

Authors
  1. Xifeng Wu
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  2. Yun-Ling Zheng
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  3. T. C. Hsu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xifeng Wu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Dept. Environmental &, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Phouthone Keohavong

  2. Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA

    Stephen G. Grant

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© 2014 Humana Press

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Wu, X., Zheng, YL., Hsu, T.C. (2014). Mutagen Sensitivity as Measured by Induced Chromatid Breakage as a Marker of Cancer Risk. In: Keohavong, P., Grant, S. (eds) Molecular Toxicology Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1105. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-739-6_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-739-6_15

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-738-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-739-6

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