Skip to main content

Bridging the Gap: Basic Metabolomics Methods for Natural Product Chemistry

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Metabolomics Tools for Natural Product Discovery

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1055))

Abstract

Natural products and their derivatives often have potent physiological activities and therefore play important roles as both frontline treatments for many diseases and as the inspiration for chemically synthesized therapeutics. However, the detection and synthesis of new therapeutic compounds derived from, or inspired by natural compounds has declined in recent years due to the increased difficulty of identifying and isolating novel active compounds. A new strategy is therefore necessary to jumpstart this field of research. Metabolomics, including both targeted and global metabolite profiling strategies, has the potential to be instrumental in this effort since it allows a systematic study of complex mixtures (such as plant extracts) without the need for prior isolation of active ingredients (or mixtures thereof). Here we describe the basic steps for conducting metabolomics experiments and analyzing the results using some of the more commonly used analytical and statistical methodologies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jones OAH, Cheung VL (2007) An introduction to metabolomics and its potential application in veterinary science. Comp Med 57:436–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Holmes E (1999) “Metabonomics”: understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data. Xenobiotica 29:1181–1189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Oliver SG, Winson MK, Kell DB, Baganz F (1998) Systematic functional analysis of the yeast genome. Trends Biotechnol 16:373–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Whitfield PD, German AJ, Noble PJ (2004) Metabolomics: an emerging post-genomic tool for nutrition. Br J Nutr 92:549–555

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Keun HC (2006) Metabonomic modeling of drug toxicity. Pharmacol Ther 109:92–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Spurgeon DJ, Jones OAH, Dorne J-LCM, Svendsen C, Swain S, Stürzenbaum SR (2010) Systems toxicology approaches for understanding the joint effects of environmental chemical mixtures. Sci Total Environ 408:3725–3734

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Griffin JL, Shockcor JP (2004) Metabolic profiles of cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 4:551–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Griffin JL, Atherton H, Shockcor J, Atzori L (2011) Metabolomics as a tool for cardiac research. Nat Rev Cardiol 8:630–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hall RD (2006) Plant metabolomics: from holistic hope, to hype, to hot topic. New Phytol 169:453–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gates M, Tschudi G (1952) The synthesis of morphine. J Am Chem Soc 74:1109–1110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Keller NP, Turner G, Bennett JW (2005) Fungal secondary metabolism: from biochemistry to genomics. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:937–947

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yuliana ND, Khatib A, Choi YH, Verpoorte R (2011) Metabolomics for bioactivity assessment of natural products. Phytother Res 25:157–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Robinette SL, Brüschweiler R, Schroeder FC, Edison AS (2012) NMR in metabolomics and natural products research: two sides of the same coin. Acc Chem Res 45:288–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Vandenbrouck T, Jones OAH, Dom N, Griffin JL, De Coen W (2010) Mixtures of similarly acting compounds in daphnia magna: from gene to metabolite and beyond. Environ Int 36:254–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Atherton H, Bailey N, Zhang W, Taylor J, Major H, Shockcor J, Clarke K, Griffin J (2006) A combined 1H-NMR spectroscopy- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomic study of the PPAR-alpha null mutant mouse defines profound systemic changes in metabolism linked to the metabolic syndrome. Physiol Genomics 27:178–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lin C-Y, Wu H, Tjeerdema RS, Viant MR (2007) Evaluation of metabolite extraction strategies from tissue samples using NMR metabolomics. Metabolomics 3:55–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Le Belle J, Harris N, Williams S, Bhakoo K (2002) A comparison of cell and tissue extraction techniques using high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed 15:37–44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Roberts LD, Souza AL, Gerszten RE, Clish CB (2012) Targeted metabolomics. Curr Protoc Mol Biol 98:30.32.31–30.32.24

    Google Scholar 

  19. Griffin JL (2003) Metabonomics: NMR spectroscopy and pattern recognition analysis of body fluids and tissues for characterisation of xenobiotic toxicity and disease diagnosis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 7:648–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Griffin JL, Scott J, Nicholson JK (2007) The influence of pharmacogenetics on fatty liver disease in the wistar and kyoto rats: a combined transcriptomic and metabonomic study. J Proteome Res 6:54–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Horning EC, Horning MG (1971) Metabolic profiles: gas-phase methods for analysis of metabolites. Clin Chem 17:802–809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bölling C, Fiehn O (2005) Metabolite profiling of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under nutrient deprivation. Plant Physiol 139:1995–2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Blau K, Halket JM (1993) Handbook of derivatives for chromatography, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK

    Google Scholar 

  24. Deng C, Zhang X, Li N (2004) Investigation of volatile biomarkers in lung cancer blood using solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 808:269–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Thurman EM, Mills MS (1998) Solid phase extraction: principles and practice, 1st edn. Wiley Europe, Hoboken, USA

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jones OAH, Roberts LD, Maguire ML (2011) Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics Sample preparation, data analysis, and related analytical approaches. In: Ivanov A, Lazarev A (eds) Sample preparation in biological mass spectrometry. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang K, Zuo Y (2005) Pitfalls and solution for simultaneous determination of estrone and 17[alpha]-ethinylestradiol by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. Anal Chim Acta 554:190–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rodriguez I, Quintana JB, Carpinteiro J, Carro AM, Lorenzo RA, Cela R (2003) Determination of acidic drugs in sewage water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. J Chromatogr A 985:265–274

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Woo K-L, Kim J-I (1999) New hydrolysis method for extremely small amount of lipids and capillary gas chromatographic analysis as N(O)-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl fatty acid derivatives compared with methyl ester derivatives. J Chromatogr A 862:199–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ternes TA, Hirsch R, Mueller J, Haberer K (1998) Methods for the determination of neutral drugs as well as betablockers and beta(2)-sympathomimetics in aqueous matrices using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. Fresenius J Anal Chem 362:329–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. McCombie G, Knochenmuss R (2004) Small-molecule MALDI using the matrix suppression effect to reduce or eliminate matrix background interferences. Anal Chem 76:4990–4997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gullberg J, Jonsson P, Nordstrom A, Sjostrom M, Moritz T (2004) Design of experiments: an efficient strategy to identify factors influencing extraction and derivatization of Arabidopsis thaliana samples in metabolomic studies with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 331:283–295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Morrison WR, Smith LM (1964) Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol. J Lipid Res 5:600–608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Westerhuis J, Hoefsloot H, Smit S, Vis D, Smilde A, van Velzen E, van Duijnhoven J, van Dorsten F (2008) Assessment of PLSDA cross validation. Metabolomics 4:81–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sze DY, Jardetzky O (1990) Determination of metabolite and nucleotide concentrations in proliferating lymphocytes by 1H-NMR of acid extracts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1054:181–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fan TW-M (1996) Metabolite profiling by one- and two-dimensional NMR analysis of complex mixtures. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spec 28:161–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

OAHJ thanks all members of the Griffin lab at the Biochemistry Department at the University of Cambridge, UK. The help and support of Dr. Julian Griffin, Mr Steven Murfitt, Dr. Helen Atherton, Dr. Jeff Troke, Dr. Lee Roberts, Dr. Mahon Maguire and Dr. Cheng Kian Kai in particular is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Jones, O.A.H., Hügel, H.M. (2013). Bridging the Gap: Basic Metabolomics Methods for Natural Product Chemistry. In: Roessner, U., Dias, D. (eds) Metabolomics Tools for Natural Product Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1055. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-576-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-577-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics