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Molecular Typing of Vibrio cholerae: Imprints in the Epidemiology of Cholera

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Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections

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Abstract

Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem in many developing countries, where outbreaks and sporadic infections occur at regular intervals. WHO has registered 190,130 cases including 5,143 deaths with case-fatality rate of 2.7 % in 2008.The disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea that rapidly leads to dehydration, and death occurs in 50–70 % of untreated patients. For more than a century, cholera remains one of the great epidemic diseases of the tropical world. Cholera has spread from Asia where it is endemic to many parts of the world in the form of seven pandemics during the past 185 years. V. cholerae serogroup O1, biotype El Tor, has spread from Asia to cause pandemic disease in Africa and South America during the past 48 years. Till 1992, serogroup O1 was considered as the devastating cholera causative agent. A new serogroup, O139, appeared in south Asia in 1992, had changed the whole perception regarding cholera as this was the first non-O1 serogroup related with epidemic cholera. When this serogroup first appeared, it was thought that the next pandemic strain of cholera had emerged but over the past few years the prevalence of the O139 serogroup has rapidly declined. Expansion of the seventh pandemic was accompanied by increased genetic variation among strains of V. cholerae O1 and O139, but the relationship of these genetic changes in relation to virulence and in epidemiology of cholera is not clearly understood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India

    T. Ramamurthy, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, R. K. Nandy & G. Balakrish Nair

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  1. T. Ramamurthy
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  2. A. K. Mukhopadhyay
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  3. R. K. Nandy
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  4. G. Balakrish Nair
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Correspondence to T. Ramamurthy .

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  1. Instituto Nacional de Controle de, Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ivano de Filippis

  2. Microbiology, BioReliance Corporation, Broschart Road 14920, Rockville, 20850, Maryland, USA

    Marian L. McKee

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Ramamurthy, T., Mukhopadhyay, A.K., Nandy, R.K., Nair, G.B. (2013). Molecular Typing of Vibrio cholerae: Imprints in the Epidemiology of Cholera. In: de Filippis, I., McKee, M. (eds) Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_5

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