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Acute Leukemia

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Pediatric Neoplasia

Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

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Abstract

Acute leukemia (AL) is the commonest malignancy in children less than 15 years of age (United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2006 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report, 2010). Approximately 3,000 new cases of AL occur annually in the USA, of which 80 % are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The 5-year survival rates for childhood AL, and especially ALL has dramatically improved from 61 % in 1975–1978 to 89 % in 1999–2002 (Cancer Epidemiol 34: 659–666, 2010; J Natl Cancer Inst 100(18): 1301–1309, 2008; J Clin Oncol 28(15): 2625–2634, 2010). The remarkable success story of pediatric ALL is attributed to the exponential increase in knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the disease and the impact of well-designed clinical trials adapted to risk-stratified subgroups based on prognostic indicators, including evaluation of early response to the treatment (minimal residual disease detection). This has been accomplished by genomic studies employing a host of modern techniques, for example, conventional cytogenetics, fluorescent in situ hybridization, DNA and gene expression arrays, and proteomics. Many of these methodologies have moved from the research bench to clinical molecular diagnostics allowing their routine use in the diagnosis, classification, prognostication, and follow-up of acute leukemia. In this chapter we describe the clinical features and associated genetic abnormalities of AL and discuss their impact on clinical management of AL. The subsequent chapter on AL in this volume describes molecular techniques routinely used in the diagnosis and prognostication of acute leukemia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W.Markham Street, # 502, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Zeba N. Singh M.B.B.S., MD

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7525, USA

    Margaret L. Gulley MD

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  1. Zeba N. Singh M.B.B.S., MD
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Correspondence to Zeba N. Singh M.B.B.S., MD .

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  1. , Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, 53226, USA

    Alexander Craig Mackinnon Jr

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Singh, Z.N., Gulley, M.L. (2012). Acute Leukemia. In: Mackinnon Jr, A. (eds) Pediatric Neoplasia. Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-116-5_2

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