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The Centrosome Life Story in Xenopus laevis

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The Centrosome

Abstract

Xenopus laevis is a privileged model for the centrosome research, and cell cycle and developmental studies. Centrosomes are composed of their core components, the centrioles, surrounded by the pericentriolar material. Like in most vertebrates, with the exception of the mouse, Xenopus centriole is paternally inherited. During gametogenesis, spermatozoa retain centrioles, but lose most of its pericentriolar material, whereas oocytes lose their centrioles, but maintain centrosomal proteins. Upon fertilization, the sperm centriole is transmitted to the egg, where it assembles maternal proteins, such as γ-tubulin and pericentrin, to form a biparental functional centrosome. The centrosome formed in a zygote plays a crucial role in embryo development by providing a novel axis of polarity and transmission of correct number of MTOCs to all embryonic cells. In parthenogenetic embryos, which do not inherit paternal centrioles, embryonic development arrests through the formation of abnormal spindles and chaotic abortive cleavages. Centrosome assembly and maturation have been extensively studied at the molecular level in cell-free extracts obtained from Xenopus oocytes, eggs, and embryos. Studies on Xenopus centrosome have proven very useful for better understanding of many fundamental functions of centrosomes during embryo development and in cancers.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Malgorzata Kloc, Houston, TX for valuable discussions and providing unpublished electron microscopy images of centrioles in Xenopus laevis oogonia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, 35043, Rennes, France

    Jacek Z. Kubiak & Claude Prigent

  2. Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, 35043, Rennes, France

    Jacek Z. Kubiak & Claude Prigent

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  1. Jacek Z. Kubiak
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  2. Claude Prigent
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Correspondence to Jacek Z. Kubiak .

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  1. Dept. Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, East Rollins Street 1600, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA

    Heide Schatten

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Kubiak, J.Z., Prigent, C. (2012). The Centrosome Life Story in Xenopus laevis . In: Schatten, H. (eds) The Centrosome. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-035-9_20

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