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Children with Craniofacial Syndromes

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Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in children with craniofacial anomalies, particularly in children with syndromal craniofacial synostosis associated with midfacial hypoplasia, micrognathia, muscular hypotonia, brain stem compression (achondroplasia), and/or deformation of the cranial base. These anomalies lead to a decrease in the size of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx and can predispose the pharynx to collapse during sleep. Increased airway resistance secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of secondary OSAS in these children. This chapter discusses the anatomy and dynamic characteristics of the upper airway during sleep to aid the understanding of sleep apnea syndrome.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, UMKC School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA

    Wendy Estrellado-Cruz MD, FAAP & Robert C. Beckerman MD

Authors
  1. Wendy Estrellado-Cruz MD, FAAP
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  2. Robert C. Beckerman MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wendy Estrellado-Cruz MD, FAAP .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Sleep Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, S. Maryland Ave. 5721, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    Leila Kheirandish-Gozal

  2. Pritzker School of Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, S. Maryland Ave. 5721, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    David Gozal

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Estrellado-Cruz, W., Beckerman, R.C. (2012). Children with Craniofacial Syndromes. In: Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Gozal, D. (eds) Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-725-9_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-725-9_25

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-725-9

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