Skip to main content

Transection and Crush Models of Nerve Injury to Measure Repair and Remyelination in Peripheral Nerve

  • Protocol
Myelin

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1791))

Abstract

Injury to the peripheral nervous system begins a well-characterized process within both neurons and Schwann cells to allow axonal regrowth, remyelination, and functional repair. Models of peripheral nerve injury have been widely used to study the behavior of Schwann cells, neurons, and other cell types such as macrophages as the events of Wallerian degeneration and regeneration take place. The most commonly used approaches in rodent models to model nerve injury in human patients are sciatic nerve transection and nerve crush, and both have well established time courses of demyelination, immune cell influx, axonal regrowth, and remyelination. We describe the techniques of sciatic nerve surgery for transection and crush injury, together with methods for the analysis of events within peripheral nerve repair in these two models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Zochodne DW (2012) The challenges and beauty of peripheral nerve regrowth. J Peripher Nerv Syst 17(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00378.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Parrinello S, Napoli I, Ribeiro S, Wingfield Digby P, Fedorova M, Parkinson DB, Doddrell RD, Nakayama M, Adams RH, Lloyd AC (2010) EphB signaling directs peripheral nerve regeneration through Sox2-dependent Schwann cell sorting. Cell 143(1):145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.039

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dun XP, Parkinson DB (2015) Visualizing peripheral nerve regeneration by whole mount staining. PLoS One 10(3):e0119168. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119168

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cattin AL, Burden JJ, Van Emmenis L, Mackenzie FE, Hoving JJ, Garcia Calavia N, Guo Y, McLaughlin M, Rosenberg LH, Quereda V, Jamecna D, Napoli I, Parrinello S, Enver T, Ruhrberg C, Lloyd AC (2015) Macrophage-induced blood vessels guide Schwann cell-mediated regeneration of peripheral nerves. Cell 162(5):1127–1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.021

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cattin AL, Lloyd AC (2016) The multicellular complexity of peripheral nerve regeneration. Curr Opin Neurobiol 39:38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Yang DP, Zhang DP, Mak KS, Bonder DE, Pomeroy SL, Kim HA (2008) Schwann cell proliferation during Wallerian degeneration is not necessary for regeneration and remyelination of the peripheral nerves: axon-dependent removal of newly generated Schwann cells by apoptosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 38(1):80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2008.01.017. S1044-7431(08)00050-X [pii]

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Arthur-Farraj PJ, Latouche M, Wilton DK, Quintes S, Chabrol E, Banerjee A, Woodhoo A, Jenkins B, Rahman M, Turmaine M, Wicher GK, Mitter R, Greensmith L, Behrens A, Raivich G, Mirsky R, Jessen KR (2012) C-Jun reprograms Schwann cells of injured nerves to generate a repair cell essential for regeneration. Neuron 75(4):633–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.021. S0896-6273(12)00583-1 [pii]

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mindos T, Dun XP, North K, Doddrell RD, Schulz A, Edwards P, Russell J, Gray B, Roberts SL, Shivane A, Mortimer G, Pirie M, Zhang N, Pan D, Morrison H, Parkinson DB (2017) Merlin controls the repair capacity of Schwann cells after injury by regulating Hippo/YAP activity. J Cell Biol 216(2):495–510. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201606052

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Roberts SL, Dun XP, Doddrell RDS, Mindos T, Drake LK, Onaitis MW, Florio F, Quattrini A, Lloyd AC, D’Antonio M, Parkinson DB (2017) Sox2 expression in Schwann cells inhibits myelination in vivo and induces influx of macrophages to the nerve. Development 144(17):3114–3125. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.150656

  10. Roberts SL, Dun XP, Dee G, Gray B, Mindos T, Parkinson DB (2016) The role of p38alpha in Schwann cells in regulating peripheral nerve myelination and repair. J Neurochem 141:37. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Siconolfi LB, Seeds NW (2001) Mice lacking tPA, uPA, or plasminogen genes showed delayed functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush. J Neurosci 21(12):4348–4355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hargreaves K, Dubner R, Brown F, Flores C, Joris J (1988) A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain 32(1):77–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Inserra MM, Bloch DA, Terris DJ (1998) Functional indices for sciatic, peroneal, and posterior tibial nerve lesions in the mouse. Microsurgery 18(2):119–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2752(1998)18:2<119::AID-MICR10>3.0.CO;2-0. [pii]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Baptista AF, Gomes JR, Oliveira JT, Santos SM, Vannier-Santos MA, Martinez AM (2007) A new approach to assess function after sciatic nerve lesion in the mouse—adaptation of the sciatic static index. J Neurosci Methods 161(2):259–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Napoli I, Noon LA, Ribeiro S, Kerai AP, Parrinello S, Rosenberg LH, Collins MJ, Harrisingh MC, White IJ, Woodhoo A, Lloyd AC (2012) A central role for the ERK-signaling pathway in controlling Schwann cell plasticity and peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Neuron 73(4):729–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.031. S0896-6273(12)00035-9 [pii

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mogha A, Harty BL, Carlin D, Joseph J, Sanchez NE, Suter U, Piao X, Cavalli V, Monk KR (2016) Gpr126/Adgrg6 has Schwann cell autonomous and nonautonomous functions in peripheral nerve injury and repair. J Neurosci 36(49):12351–12367. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3854-15.2016

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Quintes S, Brinkmann BG, Ebert M, Frob F, Kungl T, Arlt FA, Tarabykin V, Huylebroeck D, Meijer D, Suter U, Wegner M, Sereda MW, Nave KA (2016) Zeb2 is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and nerve repair. Nat Neurosci 19(8):1050–1059. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4321

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David B. Parkinson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Dun, XP., Parkinson, D.B. (2018). Transection and Crush Models of Nerve Injury to Measure Repair and Remyelination in Peripheral Nerve. In: Woodhoo, A. (eds) Myelin. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1791. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7862-5_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7862-5_20

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7861-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7862-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics