Abstract
The evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics by mutation within the genome (as distinct from horizontal gene transfer of new material into a genome) could occur in a single step but is usually a multistep process. Resistance evolution can be studied in laboratory environments by serial passage of bacteria in liquid culture or on agar, with selection at constant, or varying, concentrations of drug. Whole genome sequencing can be used to make an initial analysis of the evolved mutants. The trajectory of evolution can be determined by sequence analysis of strains from intermediate steps in the evolution, complemented by phenotypic analysis of genetically reconstructed isogenic strains that recapitulate the intermediate steps in the evolution.
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (VR-NT and VR-Med (not VE as written)-Med), Swedish Council for Strategic Research (SSF), and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (RiboCORE project) to D.H.
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Huseby, D.L., Hughes, D. (2018). Methods to Determine Mutational Trajectories After Experimental Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance. In: Gillespie, S. (eds) Antibiotic Resistance Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1736. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7638-6_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7638-6_9
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