Abstract
Hemolysis is damage to red blood cells (RBCs), which results in the release of the iron-containing protein hemoglobin into plasma. An in vitro assay was developed and described earlier for the analysis of nanoparticle hemolytic properties. Herein, we present a revised version of the original protocol. In this protocol, analyte nanoparticles and controls are incubated in blood. Undamaged RBCs are removed by centrifugation and hemoglobin, released by the damaged erythrocytes, is converted to cyanmethemoglobin by incubation with Drabkin’s reagent. The amount of cyanmethemoglobin in the supernatant is measured by spectrophotometry. This measured absorbance is compared to a standard curve to determine the concentration of hemoglobin in the supernatant. The measured hemoglobin concentration is then compared to the total hemoglobin concentration to obtain the percentage of nanoparticle-induced hemolysis. The revision includes updated details about nanoparticle sample preparation, selection of nanoparticle concentration for the in vitro study, updated details about assay controls and case studies about nanoparticle interference with the in vitro hemolysis assay.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA (2011) Method for analysis of nanoparticle hemolytic properties in vitro. Methods Mol Biol 697:215–224. doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-198-1_23
Malinauskas RA (1997) Plasma hemoglobin measurement techniques for the in vitro evaluation of blood damage called by medical devices. Artif Organs 21(12):1255–1267. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1997.tb00486.x
ASTM F756-00 (2000) Standard practice for assessment of hemolytic properties of materials. ASTM Int, West Conshohocken, PA. doi:10.1520/F0756-00
ASTM E2524-08 (2013) Standard test method for analysis of hemolytic properties of nanoparticles. ASTM Int, West Conshohocken, PA. doi:10.1520/E2524
Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE (2013) Understanding the correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity tests for nanomedicines. J Control Release 172(2):456–466. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.025
Wildt B, Malinauskas RA, Brown RP (2016) Effects of nanomaterials on erythrocytes. In: Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE (eds) Handbook of immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. World Scientific Publishing Ltd., Singapore, pp 67–103
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2005). Guidance for industry: estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidances/ucm078932.pdf
DeSilva B, Smith W, Weiner R, Kelley M, Smolec J, Lee B, Khan M, Tacey R, Hill H, Celniker A (2003) Recommendations for the bioanalytical method validation of ligand-binding assays to support pharmacokinetic assessments of macromolecules. Pharm Res 20(11):1885–1900
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine (2001). Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical method validation http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/Guidance/ucm070107.pdf
Acknowledgment
This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Neun, B.W., Ilinskaya, A.N., Dobrovolskaia, M.A. (2018). Updated Method for In Vitro Analysis of Nanoparticle Hemolytic Properties. In: McNeil, S. (eds) Characterization of Nanoparticles Intended for Drug Delivery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1682. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7352-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7352-1_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7350-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7352-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols