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fMRI of Emotion

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fMRI Techniques and Protocols

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 119))

Abstract

Recent brain imaging work has expanded our understanding of the mechanisms of perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions in human subjects, but research into the cerebral control of emotional and motivational function is at a much earlier stage. Important concepts and theories of emotion are briefly introduced, as are research designs and multimodal approaches to answering the central questions in the field. We provide a detailed inspection of the methodological and technical challenges in assessing the cerebral correlates of emotional activation, perception, learning, memory, and emotional regulation behavior in healthy humans. fMRI is particularly challenging in structures such as the amygdala as it is affected by susceptibility-related signal loss, image distortion, physiological and motion artifacts, and colocalized Resting State Networks (RSNs). We review how these problems can be mitigated by using optimized echo-planar imaging (EPI) parameters, alternative MR sequences, and correction schemes. High-quality data can be acquired rapidly in these problematic regions with gradient-compensated multiecho EPI or high-resolution EPI with parallel imaging and optimum gradient directions, combined with distortion correction. Although neuroimaging studies of emotion encounter many difficulties regarding the limitations of measurement precision, research design, and strategies of validating neuropsychological emotion constructs, considerable improvement in data quality and sensitivity to subtle effects can be achieved. The methods outlined offer the prospect for fMRI studies of emotion to provide more sensitive, reliable, and representative models of measurement that systematically relate the dynamics of emotional regulation behavior with topographically distinct patterns of activity in the brain. This will provide additional information as an aid to assessment, categorization, and treatment of patients with emotional and personality disorders.

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Acknowledgments

The author’s own work reported in this chapter was supported by the Austria FWF grant P16669-B02, grant 11437 from the Austrian National Bank, the government of the Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Italy, the private foundation Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto, the University of Trento, Italy, and by grant Pe 499/3–2 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to M.P. J. Jovicich is thanked for helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Simon Robinson & Ewald Moser

  2. Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Simon Robinson

  3. Division MR-Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Ewald Moser

  4. General and Biological Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany

    Martin Peper

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  1. Simon Robinson
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Correspondence to Martin Peper .

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  1. Neuroimaging Research Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

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Robinson, S., Moser, E., Peper, M. (2016). fMRI of Emotion. In: Filippi, M. (eds) fMRI Techniques and Protocols. Neuromethods, vol 119. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_15

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