Abstract
China developed a public sector dominated biotechnology program and commercialized several genetically modified (GM) plants beginning in the late 1990s. Plants that have been approved for commercialization prior to 2006 include biotech-derived varieties of cotton, petunia, tomato, sweet pepper, poplar trees, and papaya. Bt cotton is the most successful story of China’s biotech program as it currently accounts for nearly 70 % of total cotton area. Huang et al. (Science 295:674–677, 2002) show that, when compared with conventional cotton, Bt cotton increases yield by 15 % and reduces pesticide use by 35.4 kg/ha (or nearly 60 % of pesticide use). In 2009 China issued production safety certificates to Bt rice and phytase maize, although to date they have not been approved for commercial production. Biotech soybean, wheat, and several other crops have also reached different stages of the biosafety regulation process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Eurofins GeneScan. 2012. http://www.eurofins.de/food-analysis/information/gmo-information.
James, C. 2012. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2012. ISAAA Brief No. 44. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.
Gruere, G.P. 2009. Asynchronous approvals of GM products, price inflation, and the codex annex: What low level presence policy for APEC countries? In Paper presented at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC), Seattle, Washington, USA, June 22–23, 2009. http://iatrc.software.umn.edu/activities/symposia/2009Seattle/seattle-Gruere.pdf.
Huang, J., R. Hu, S. Rozelle, and C. Pray. 2005. Insect-resistant GM rice in farmer fields: Assessing productivity and health effects in China. Science 308(5722): 688–690.
Huang, J., S. Rozelle, C. Pray, and Q. Wang. 2002. Plant biotechnology in China. Science 295: 674–677.
Huang, J., and J. Yang. 2014. Trade and economic implications of low level presence and asynchronous authorizations of agricultural biotech crops in China. World Food Policy Journal 1(2): 30–47.
Huang, J., J. Yang, and S. Rozelle. 2010. China’s agriculture: Drivers of change and implications for China and the rest of world. Agricultural Economics 41(2010): 47–55.
Huang, J., D. Zhang, J. Yang, S. Rozelle, and N. Kalaitzandonakes. 2008. Will the biosafety protocol hinder or protect the developing world: Learning from China’s experience. Food Policy 33(2008): 1–12.
Kalaitzandonakes, N. 2011. The economic impacts of asynchronous authorizations and low level presence: An overview. International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council, Position Paper. http://www.agritrade.org/Publications/documents/LLPOverview.pdf.
Kiekebusch, J. 2012. Current situation and causes of asynchronous approvals: Efforts to avoid trade issues presentation prepared for second international meeting on low level presence, Rosario, Argentina, Sept 17–19, 2012. http://www.argenbio.org/adc/uploads/rosario_meeting/1_JFK_Global_LLP_meeting.ppt.
NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China). 2010. China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press
Stein, A.J, and E. Rodríguez-Cerezo 2009. The global pipeline of new GM crops: Implications of asynchronous approval for international trade: JRC Scientific and Technical Report. Seville, Spain: EC Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=2420.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huang, J., Yang, J. (2016). Low Level Presence and Asynchronous Authorizations of Genetically Modified Products in China. In: Kalaitzandonakes, N., Phillips, P., Wesseler, J., Smyth, S. (eds) The Coexistence of Genetically Modified, Organic and Conventional Foods. Natural Resource Management and Policy, vol 49. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3727-1_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3727-1_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3725-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3727-1
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)