Abstract
Many thyroid tumors arise in essentially normal thyroid tissue; however, one must be aware of the fact that definition of normal thyroid tissue in the era of ultrasound is subjective since approximately 60 % of the US population has one or more thyroid nodules. Thyroid neoplasms demonstrate a variety of morphologic patterns, which complicate their pathological interpretation. All neoplasms that arise either from follicular or C cells may have some functional capacities. They may respond to TSH and may even produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones or, if medullary carcinoma, release abnormal quantities of calcitonin and/or other hormones. Localization of thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) and thyroglobulin or calcitonin by immunohistochemistry aids in the classification of unusual thyroidal tumors and in providing definite identification of metastatic thyroid carcinomas. Most thyroid cancers grow slowly and are amenable to appropriate treatment. The majority are papillary cancers, especially in those areas of the world in which adequate iodides are present in the diet and environment.
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LiVolsi, V.A., Baloch, Z.W. (2016). Classification of Thyroid Malignancies. In: Wartofsky, L., Van Nostrand, D. (eds) Thyroid Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3314-3_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3314-3_8
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