Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Papillary Carcinoma: Cytology and Pathology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Thyroid Cancer

  • 222 Accesses

Abstract

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and endocrine malignancy, constituting 75–85 % of the malignant thyroid lesions in regions where iodine-deficient goiter is no longer present (Rosai et al., Tumors of the thyroid gland. Washington, DC: Forces Institute of Pathology, 1992; Carcangiu et al., Pathol Annu 20(Pt 1):1–44, 1985). It represents most of the thyroid cancers that occur in children and young adults, whether idiopathic or related to radiation. A small proportion is familial (Moses et al., Thyroid ;21:367–371, 2011). Generally, PTCs grow slowly and therefore behave in an indolent fashion and spread mostly by lymphatic vessels to regional lymph nodes. Vascular invasion is rare in papillary thyroid carcinoma and metastases outside the confines of neck are rare (Mazzaferri, Semin Oncol 14:315–332, 1987). Both gross and microscopic features are varied, depending on cellularity, amount and type of stroma, architectural features and the presence or absence of cystic degeneration. Cytologic and pathologic features of the more common variants of PTC are described in this chapter and in Chap. 66 with clinical descriptions in Chap. 66.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rosai J, Carcangui ML, DeLellis RA. Tumors of the thyroid gland. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Rosai J. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of its many morphologic expressions and clinical correlates. Pathol Annu. 1985;20(Pt 1):1–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Moses W, Weng J, Kebebew E. Prevalence, clinicopathologic features, and somatic genetic mutation profile in familial versus sporadic nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2011;21:367–71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Mazzaferri EL. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: factors influencing prognosis and current therapy. Semin Oncol. 1987;14:315–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. LiVolsi VA. Surgical pathology of the thyroid. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Riazmontazer N, Bedayat G. Psammoma bodies in fine needle aspirates from thyroids containing nontoxic hyperplastic nodular goiters. Acta Cytol. 1991;35:563–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hunt JL, Barnes EL. Non-tumor-associated psammoma bodies in the thyroid. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119:90–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hosoya T, Sakamoto A, Kasai N, Sakurai K. Nodal psammoma body in thyroid cancer as an indicator of cancer metastasis to the lymph node. Gan No Rinsho. 1983;29:1336–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Isarangkul W. Dense fibrosis. Another diagnostic criterion for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1993;117:645–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Qiu Y, Korteweg C, Chen Z, Li J, Luo J, Huang G, Gu J. Immunoglobulin G expression and its colocalization with complement proteins in papillary thyroid cancer. Mod Pathol. 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fusco A, Chiappetta G, Hui P, Garcia-Rostan G, Golden L, Kinder BK, Dillon DA, Giuliano A, Cirafici AM, Santoro M, Rosai J, Tallini G. Assessment of RET/PTC oncogene activation and clonality in thyroid nodules with incomplete morphological evidence of papillary carcinoma: a search for the early precursors of papillary cancer. Am J Pathol. 2002;160:2157–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Hunt JL, LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW, Barnes EL, Swalsky PA, Niehouse L, Finkelstein SD. Microscopic papillary thyroid carcinoma compared with clinical carcinomas by loss of heterozygosity mutational profile. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:159–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Petkov R, Gavrailov M, Mikhailov I, Todorov G, Kutev N. Differentiated thyroid cancer – a study of the pathomorphological variants in 216 patients. Khirurgiia. 1995;48:11–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mazzaferi EYR. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a 10-year follow-up report of the impact of therapy in 576 patients. Am J Med. 1981;70:511–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. LiVolsi VA. Papillary neoplasms of the thyroid. Pathologic and prognostic features. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992;97:426–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Akslen LA, LiVolsi VA. Prognostic significance of histologic grading compared with subclassification of papillary thyroid carcinoma. [see comments]. Cancer. 2000;88:1902–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Akslen LA, LiVolsi VA. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma – it is important. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:310–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Carcangiu ML, Steeper T, Zampi G, Rosai J. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. A study of 70 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985;83:135–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Tachikawa T, Kumazawa H, Kyomoto R, Yukawa H, Yamashita T, Nishikawa M. Clinical study on prognostic factors in thyroid carcinoma. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho [J Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Soc Jpn]. 2001;104:157–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Baloch Z, LiVolsi VA. Pathology of the thyroid gland. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingston; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Prasad ML, Pellegata NS, Huang Y, Nagaraja HN, Chapelle Ade L, Kloos RT. Galectin-3, fibronectin-1, CITED-1, HBME1 and cytokeratin-19 immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Mod Pathol. 2005;18:48–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Casey MB, Lohse CM, Lloyd RV. Distinction between papillary thyroid hyperplasia and papillary thyroid carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 19, galectin-3, and HBME-1. Endocr Pathol. 2003;14:55–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cheung CC, Ezzat S, Freeman JL, Rosen IB, Asa SL. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2001;14:338–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Eimoto T, Naito H, Hamada S, Masuda M, Harada T, Kikuchi M. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with special reference to the follicular variant. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1987;37:1563–79.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. van Hoeven KH, Kovatich AJ, Miettinen M. Immunocytochemical evaluation of HBME-1, CA 19-9, and CD-15 (Leu-M1) in fine-needle aspirates of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol. 1998;18:93–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Baloch ZW, Abraham S, Roberts S, LiVolsi VA. Differential expression of cytokeratins in follicular variant of papillary carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study and its diagnostic utility. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1166–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kini SR. Thyroid cytopathology an atlas and text. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Baloch ZW, Livolsi VA. Follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid: the bane of the pathologist. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:143–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mizukami Y, Nonomura A, Michigishi T, Ohmura K, Noguchi M, Ishizaki T. Diffuse follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Histopathology. 1995;27:575–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ivanova R, Soares P, Castro P, Sobrinho-Simoes M. Diffuse (or multinodular) follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of ten cases of an aggressive form of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Virchows Arch. 2002;440:418–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu Z, Zhou G, Nakamura M, Koike E, Li Y, Ozaki T, Mori I, Taniguchi E, Kakudo K. Encapsulated follicular thyroid tumor with equivocal nuclear changes, so-called well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular appraisal. Cancer Sci. 2011;102:288–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Baloch Z, LiVolsi VA, Henricks WH, Sebak BA. Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;118:603–5; discussion 605–06.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: view, biases, and experiences. Adv Anat Pathol. 2004;11:279–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Williams ED, Abrosimov A, Bogdanova TI, Rosai J, Sidorov Y, Thomas GA. Two proposals regarding the terminology of thyroid tumors. Guest editorial. Int J Surg Pathol. 2000;8:181–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Giordano TJ, Kuick R, Thomas DG, Misek DE, Vinco M, Sanders D, Zhu Z, Ciampi R, Roh M, Shedden K, Gauger P, Doherty G, Thompson NW, Hanash S, Koenig RJ, Nikiforov YE. Molecular classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma: distinct BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC mutation-specific gene expression profiles discovered by DNA microarray analysis. Oncogene. 2005;24:6646–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Wreesmann VB, Ghossein RA, Hezel M, Banerjee D, Shaha AR, Tuttle RM, Shah JP, Rao PH, Singh B. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: genome-wide appraisal of a controversial entity. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2004;40:355–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhu Z, Gandhi M, Nikiforova MN, Fischer AH, Nikiforov YE. Molecular profile and clinical-pathologic features of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. An unusually high prevalence of ras mutations. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;120:71–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gallagher J, Oertel YC, Oertel JE. Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: fine-needle aspirates with histologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol. 1997;16:207–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Baloch ZW, Shafique K, Flannagan M, Livolsi VA. Encapsulated classic and follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma: comparative clinicopathologic study. Endocr Pract. 2010;16:952–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. de los Santos ET, Keyhani-Rofagha S, Cunningham JJ, Mazzaferri L. Cystic thyroid nodules. The dilemma of malignant lesions. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:1422–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ruiz-Velasco R, Waisman J, Van Herle AJ. Cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Diagnosis by needle aspiration with transmission electron microscopy. Acta Cytol. 1978;22:38–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Ford L, Rasgon BM, Hilsinger Jr RL, Cruz RM, Axelsson K, Rumore GJ, Schmidtknecht TM, Puligandla B, Sawicki J, Pshea W. Comparison of ThinPrep versus conventional smear cytopreparatory techniques for fine-needle aspiration specimens of head and neck masses. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;126:554–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Busseniers AE, Oertel YC. “Cellular adenomatoid nodules” of the thyroid: review of 219 fine-needle aspirates. Diagn Cytopathol. 1993;9:581–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Oertel YC. Fine-needle aspiration and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1996;25:69–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Koo JS, Kwak JY, Jung W, Hong S. Importance of foamy macrophages only in fine needle aspirates to cytologic diagnostic accuracy of cystic metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Acta Cytol. 2010;54:249–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Castro-Gomez L, Cordova-Ramirez S, Duarte-Torres R, Alonso de Ruiz P, Hurtado-Lopez LM. Cytologic criteria of cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Cytol. 2003;47:590–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hay ID, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Goellner JR, Ebersold JR, Bergstralh EJ. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 535 cases observed in a 50-year period. Surgery. 1992;112:1139–46; discussion 1146–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Rodriguez JM, Moreno A, Parrilla P, Sola J, Soria T, Tebar FJ, Aranda F. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: clinical study and prognosis. Eur J Surg. 1997;163:255–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Braga M, Graf H, Ogata A, Batista J, Hakim NC. Aggressive behavior of papillary microcarcinoma in a patient with Graves’ disease initially presenting as cystic neck mass. J Endocrinol Invest. 2002;25:250–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Chan JK, Carcangiu ML, Rosai J. Papillary carcinoma of thyroid with exuberant nodular fasciitis-like stroma. Report of three cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991;95:309–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Carcangiu ML, Bianchi S. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:1041–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gomez-Morales M, Alvaro T, Munoz M, Garcia del Moral R, Aguilar D, Caballero T, Aneiros J. Diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: immunohistochemical analysis of the local host immune response. Histopathology. 1991;18:427–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Berho M, Suster S. The oncocytic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:47–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Beckner ME, Heffess CS, Oertel JE. Oxyphilic papillary thyroid carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 1995;103:280–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Apel RL, Asa SL, LiVolsi VA. Papillary Hurthle cell carcinoma with lymphocytic stroma. “Warthin-like tumor” of the thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:810–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Warthin-like papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:1192–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Asanuma K, Sugenoya A, Ohashi T, Nagai N, Itoh N, Kobayashi S, Amano J. Pure clear cell papillary thyroid carcinoma with chronic thyroiditis: report of a case. Surg Today. 1998;28:464–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Carcangiu ML, Sibley RK, Rosai J. Clear cell change in primary thyroid tumors. A study of 38 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1985;9:705–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ghossein R, Livolsi VA. Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant. Thyroid. 2008;18:1179–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ghossein RA, Leboeuf R, Patel KN, Rivera M, Katabi N, Carlson DL, Tallini G, Shaha A, Singh B, Tuttle RM. Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma without extrathyroid extension: biologic behavior and clinical implications. Thyroid. 2007;17:655–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Bronner MP, LiVolsi VA. Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the thyroid: an unusual anaplastic tumor associated with tall cell papillary cancer. Mod Pathol. 1991;4:637–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Gopal PP, Montone KT, Baloch Z, Tuluc M, Livolsi V. The variable presentations of anaplastic spindle cell squamous carcinoma associated with tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2011;21:493–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Solomon A, Gupta PK, LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Distinguishing tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from usual variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in cytologic specimens. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002;27:143–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Tscholl-Ducommun J, Hedinger CE. Papillary thyroid carcinomas. Morphology and prognosis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol. 1982;396:19–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Tennvall J, Biorklund A, Moller T, Ranstam J, Akerman M. Prognostic factors of papillary, follicular and medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Retrospective multivariate analysis of 216 patients with a median follow-up of 11 years. Acta Radiol Oncol. 1985;24:17–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Pilotti S, Collini P, Manzari A, Marubini E, Rilke F. Poorly differentiated forms of papillary thyroid carcinoma: distinctive entities or morphological patterns? Semin Diagn Pathol. 1995;12:249–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Mizukami Y, Noguchi M, Michigishi T, Nonomura A, Hashimoto T, Otakes S, Nakamura S, Matsubara F. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Kanazawa, Japan: prognostic significance of histological subtypes. Histopathology. 1992;20:243–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Ostrowski M, Merino MJ. Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a reassessment and immunohistochemical study with comparison to usual type of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:964–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Harach HR, Williams ED. Childhood thyroid cancer in England and Wales. Br J Cancer. 1995;72:777–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Nikiforov YE, Erickson LA, Nikiforova MN, Caudill CM, Lloyd RV. Solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: incidence, clinical- pathologic characteristics, molecular analysis, and biologic behavior. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:1478–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Thomas GA, Bunnell H, Cook HA, Williams ED, Nerovnya A, Cherstvoy ED, Tronko ND, Bogdanova TI, Chiappetta G, Viglietto G, Pentimalli F, Salvatore G, Fusco A, Santoro M, Vecchio G. High prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in Ukrainian and Belarussian post-Chernobyl thyroid papillary carcinomas: a strong correlation between RET/PTC3 and the solid-follicular variant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:4232–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Evans HL. Columnar-cell carcinoma of the thyroid. A report of two cases of an aggressive variant of thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1986;85:77–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Evans HL. Encapsulated columnar-cell carcinoma of the thyroid. A report of four cases suggesting a favorable outcome. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:1205–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Akslen LA, Varhaug JE. Thyroid carcinoma with mixed tall-cell and columnar-cell features. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;94:442–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mizukami Y, Nonomura A, Michigishi T, Noguchi M, Nakamura S, Hashimoto T. Columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a case report and review of the literature. Hum Pathol. 1994;25:1098–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Sobrinho-Simoes M, Nesland JM, Johannessen JV. Columnar-cell carcinoma. Another variant of poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Am J Clin Pathol. 1988;89:264–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Jayaram G. Cytology of columnar-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2000;22:227–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Putti TC, Bhuiya TA, Wasserman PG. Fine needle aspiration cytology of mixed tall and columnar cell papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A case report. Acta Cytol. 1998;42:387–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Perez F, Llobet M, Garijo G, Barcelo C, Castro P, Bernado L. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of columnar-cell carcinoma of the thyroid: report of two cases with cytohistologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol. 1998;18:352–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Vergilio J, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Spindle cell metaplasia of the thyroid arising in association with papillary carcinoma and follicular adenoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:199–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bisi H, Longatto Filho A, de Camargo RY, Fernandes VS. Thyroid papillary carcinoma lipomatous type: report of two cases. Pathologica. 1993;85:761–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Schroder S, Bocker W. Lipomatous lesions of the thyroid gland: a review. Appl Pathol. 1985;3:140–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Chan JK. Cribriform-morular variant of papillary carcinoma: a distinctive variant representing the sporadic counterpart of familial adenomatous polyposis-associated thyroid carcinoma? Mod Pathol. 1999;12:400–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Hirokawa M, Kuma S, Miyauchi A, Qian ZR, Nakasono M, Sano T, Kakudo K. Morules in cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: immunohistochemical characteristics and distinction from squamous metaplasia. APMIS. 2004;112:275–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Lloyd RV, Erickson LA, Asioli S. Papillary thyroid carcinoma with prominent hobnail features: a new aggressive variant of moderately differentiated papillary carcinoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of 8 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:44–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 6 Founders Pavilion 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Zubair W. Baloch MD, PhD

  2. Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Virginia A. LiVolsi MD

Authors
  1. Zubair W. Baloch MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Virginia A. LiVolsi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zubair W. Baloch MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

    Leonard Wartofsky

  2. Nuclear Medicine Research MedStar Research Institute and Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Douglas Van Nostrand

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baloch, Z.W., LiVolsi, V.A. (2016). Papillary Carcinoma: Cytology and Pathology. In: Wartofsky, L., Van Nostrand, D. (eds) Thyroid Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3314-3_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3314-3_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3312-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3314-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation