Abstract
Phytoestrogens are popular alternatives to estrogen therapy however their effects on hemostasis in postmenopausal women are unknown. This chapter describes a protocol to determine the effect of the phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein and equol, on the expression of key genes from the hemostatic system in human hepatocyte cell models and to determine the role of estrogen receptors in mediating any response seen using in vitro culture systems and Taqman® gene expression analysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
De Kleijn MJJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PWF et al (2002) Dietary intake of phytoestrogens is associated with a favorable metabolic cardiovascular risk profile in postmenopausal U.S.women: the Framingham study. J Nutr 132:276–282
Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B et al (1998) Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139:4252–4263
Pilšáková L, Riečanský I, Jagla F (2010) The physiological actions of isoflavone phytoestrogens. Physiol Res 59:651–664
Kelly LA, O’Leary JJ, Seidlova-Wuttke D et al (2010) Genistein alters coagulation gene expression in ovariectomised rats treated with phytoestrogens. Thromb Haemost 104:1250–1257
Harnish DC, Evans MJ, Scicchitano MS et al (1998) Estrogen regulation of the apolipoprotein AI gene promoter through transcription cofactor sharing. J Biol Chem 273:9270–9278
Norris LA, Brosnan J, Bonnar J et al (2008) Inhibitors and activation markers of the haemostatic system during hormone therapy: a comparative study of oral estradiol (2 mg)/dydrogesterone and estradiol (2 mg)/trimegestone. Thromb Haemost 100:253–260
Lowe GD, Upton MN, Rumley A et al (2001) Different effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapies on factor IX, APC resistance, t-PA, PAI and C-reactive protein—a cross-sectional population survey. Thromb Haemost 86:550–556
Van Baal WM, Emeis JJ, van der Mooren MJ et al (2000) Impaired procoagulant-anticoagulant balance during hormone replacement therapy? A randomised, placebo-controlled 12-week study. Thromb Haemost 83:29–34
Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T et al (1998) Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 280:605–613
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321–333
Kelly LA, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Wuttke W et al (2014) Estrogen receptor alpha augments changes in hemostatic gene expression in HepG2 cells treated with estradiol and phytoestrogens. Phytomedicine 21:155–158
Farsetti A, Moretti F, Narducci M et al (1998) Orphan receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 antagonizes estrogen receptor alpha-mediated induction of human coagulation factor XII gene. Endocrinology 139:4581–4589
Farsetti A, Misiti S, Citarella F et al (1995) Molecular basis of estrogen regulation of Hageman factor XII gene expression. Endocrinology 136:5076–5083
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25:402–408
Berthois Y, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS (1986) Phenol red in tissue culture media is a weak estrogen: implications concerning the study of estrogen-responsive cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:2496–2500
Mann GE, Bonacasa B, Ishii T, Siow RC (2009) Targeting the redox sensitive Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cardiovascular disease: protection afforded by dietary isoflavones. Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:139–145
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kelly, L.A. (2016). Phytoestrogens Activate the Estrogen Receptor in HepG2 Cells. In: Eyster, K.M. (eds) Estrogen Receptors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1366. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_35
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3126-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3127-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols