Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to give a short introduction to peptide analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) and interpretation of fragment mass spectra. Through examples and guidelines we demonstrate how to understand and validate search results and how to perform de novo sequencing based on the often very complex fragmentation pattern obtained by tandem mass spectrometry (also referred to as MSMS). The focus is on simple rules for interpretation of MSMS spectra of tryptic as well as non-tryptic peptides.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Edwards NJ (2011) Protein identification from tandem mass spectra by database searching. Methods Mol Biol 694:119–38
Zhang H, Cui W, Gross ML (2014) Mass spectrometry for the biophysical characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. FEBS Lett 588:308–17
Mann M, Højrup P, Roepstorff P (1993) Use of mass spectrometric information to identify proteins in sequence databases. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 22:338–345
Pappin DJC, Højrup P, Bleasby AJ (1993) Rapid identification of proteins by peptide-mass fingerprinting. Curr Biol 3:327–332
Craig R, Cortens JP, Beavis RC (2005) The use of proteotypic peptide libraries for protein identification. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19:1844–1850
Switzar L, Giera M, Niessen WM (2013) Protein digestion, an overview of the available techniques and recent developments. J Proteome Res 12:1067–77
Højrup P (2009) Peptide mapping for protein characterization. In: Walker JM (ed) The protein protocols Handbook’. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 969–988
Whitehouse CM, Dreyer RN, Yamashita M, Fenn JB (1985) Electrospray interface for liquid chromatographs and mass spectrometers. Anal Chem 57:675–9
Karas M, Hillenkamp F (1988) Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10,000 daltons. Anal Chem 60:2299–301
Roepstorff P, Fohlman J (1984) Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra of peptides. Biomed Mass Spectrom 11:601
Paizs B, Suhai S (2005) Fragmentation pathways of protonated peptides. Mass Spectrom Rev 24:508–48
Zhang J, Xin L, Shan B, Chen W, Xie M, Yuen D, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Lajoie GA, Ma B (2012) PEAKS DB: de novo sequencing assisted database search for sensitive and accurate peptide identification. Mol Cell Proteomics 11:M111.010587
Degroeve S, Martens L (2013) MS2PIP, a tool for MS/MS peak intensity prediction. Bioinformatics 29:3199–203
Schwartz BL, Bursey MM (1992) Some proline substituent effects in the tandem mass spectrum of protonated pentaalanine. Biol Mass Spectrom 21:92–6
Kapp EA, Schütz F, Reid GE, Eddes JS, Moritz RL, O'Hair RA, Speed TP, Simpson RJ (2003) Mining a tandem mass spectrometry database to determine the trends and global factors influencing peptide fragmentation. Anal Chem 75:6251–64
Larsen MR, Trelle MB, Thingholm TE, Jensen ON (2006) Analysis of posttranslational modifications of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. Biotechniques 40:790–8
Lagerwerf FM, van de Weert M, Heerma W, Haverkamp J (1996) Identification of oxidized methionine in peptides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 10:1905–10
Bunkenborg J, Matthiesen R (2013) Interpretation of tandem mass spectra of posttranslationally modified peptides. Methods Mol Biol 1007:139–71
Fornelli L, Ayoub D, Aizikov K, Beck A, Tsybin YO (2014) Middle-down analysis of monoclonal antibodies with electron transfer dissociation orbitrap fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 86:3005–3012
Liu X, Dekker LJ, Wu S, Vanduijn MM, Luider TM, Tolić N, Kou Q, Dvorkin M, Alexandrova S, Vyatkina K, Paša-Tolić L, Pevzner PA (2014) De novo protein sequencing by combining top-down and bottom-up tandem mass spectra. J Proteome Res 13:3241–3248
Johnson RS, Martin SA, Biemann K (1988) Collision-induced fragmentation of (M + H)+ ions of peptides. Side chain specific sequence ions. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Processes 86(29 D):137–154
Allmer J (2011) Algorithms for the de novo sequencing of peptides from tandem mass spectra. Expert Rev Proteomics 8:645–57
Takao T, Gonzalez J, Yoshidome K, Sato K, Asada T, Kammei Y, Shimonishi Y (1993) Automatic precursor-Ion switching in a 4-sector tandem mass-spectrometer and its application to acquisition of the MS/MS product ions derived from a partially O-18-labeled peptide for their facile assignments. Anal Chem 65:2394–2399
Hennrich ML, Mohammed S, Altelaar AFM, Heck AJR (2010) Dimethyl isotope labeling assisted de novo peptide sequencing. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 21:1957–1965
Shevchenko A, Sunyaev S, Loboda A, Shevchenko A, Bork P, Ens W, Standing KG (2001) Charting the proteomes of organisms with unsequenced genomes by MALDI-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and BLAST homology searching. Anal Chem 73:1917–26
Acknowledgements
Anne-Katrine Vestergaard is acknowledged for excellent technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hjernø, K., Højrup, P. (2015). Interpretation of Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MSMS) Spectra for Peptide Analysis. In: Houen, G. (eds) Peptide Antibodies. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1348. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_10
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2998-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2999-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols