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Islet Cell Transplantation: New Techniques for an Old Disease

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Technological Advances in Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care

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Abstract

Islet cell transplantation is a promising treatment towards curing diabetes. Recently, the clinical outcomes have improved and this treatment has become a standard therapy for type 1 diabetic patients in several countries. Technical improvements of islet isolation include new pancreas preservation methods, new collagenase enzymes, and purification methods. In addition, immunosuppression protocols, especially T cell depletion induction and anti-inflammation strategies at the time of islet transplantation, have impact on the clinical outcomes. Several institutes have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve insulin independence after single-donor islet transplantation. This is a breakthrough since one of the major concerns of islet cell transplantation is inefficiency which exaggerates the donor shortage. Considering the huge numbers of diabetic patients, it is necessary to explore the cell source other than human donor pancreas. Islet transplantation using porcine islets is a promising treatment to overcome the donor shortage and in fact, clinical trials of neonatal porcine islet transplantations have been conducted. Stem-cell-derived insulin-producing cells have been created and the clinical trials of such cells might happen once current hurdles will be overcome. With advanced islet transplantation, it is desirable that diabetes would be converted from non-curable disease to curable disease.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Shinichi Matsumoto M.D., Ph.D. & Masayuki Shimoda M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Shinichi Matsumoto M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Masayuki Shimoda M.D., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shinichi Matsumoto M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Rifat Latifi

  2. Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Peter Rhee

  3. Department of Surgery, Professor of Surgery, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Rainer W.G. Gruessner

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

DCD:

Deceased cardiac death

ES cells:

Embryonic stem cells

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide-1

HTK solution:

Histidine-tryptophan-keto-glutarate solution

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

iPS cells:

Inducible pluripotent stem cells

PFC:

Perfluorocarbon

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

UW solution:

University of Wisconsin solution

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Matsumoto, S., Shimoda, M. (2015). Islet Cell Transplantation: New Techniques for an Old Disease. In: Latifi, R., Rhee, P., Gruessner, R. (eds) Technological Advances in Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2671-8_42

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2671-8_42

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2670-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2671-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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