Skip to main content

Fragment Library Design: Using Cheminformatics and Expert Chemists to Fill Gaps in Existing Fragment Libraries

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Fragment-Based Methods in Drug Discovery

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1289))

Abstract

Fragment based screening (FBS) has emerged as a mainstream lead discovery strategy in academia, biotechnology start-ups, and large pharma. As a prerequisite of FBS, a structurally diverse library of fragments is desirable in order to identify chemical matter that will interact with the range of diverse target classes that are prosecuted in contemporary screening campaigns. In addition, it is also desirable to offer synthetically amenable starting points to increase the probability of a successful fragment evolution through medicinal chemistry. Herein we describe a method to identify biologically relevant chemical substructures that are missing from an existing fragment library (chemical gaps), and organize these chemical gaps hierarchically so that medicinal chemists can efficiently navigate the prioritized chemical space and subsequently select purchasable fragments for inclusion in an enhanced fragment library.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Dalvit C (2009) NMR methods in fragment screening: theory and a comparison with other biophysical techniques. Drug Discov Today 14:1051–1057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Blaney J, Nienaber V, Burley SK (2006) Fragment-based Lead Discovery and Optimization Using X-Ray Crystallography, Computational Chemistry, and High-throughput Organic Synthesis. In: Jahnke W, Erlanson DA (eds) Fragment-based approaches in drug discovery. Wiley, Weinheim, pp 215–248

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Elinder M, Geitmann M, Gossas T et al (2011) Experimental validation of a fragment library for lead discovery using SPR biosensor technology. J Biomol Screen 16:15–25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lau WF, Withka JM, Hepworth D et al (2011) Design of a multi-purpose fragment screening library using molecular complexity and orthogonal diversity metrics. J Comput Aided Mol Des 25:621–636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mok NY, Brenk R, Brown N (2014) Increasing the coverage of medicinal chemistry-relevant space in commercial fragments screening. J Chem Inf Model 54:79–85

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kutchukian PS, Vasilyeva NY, Xu J et al (2012) Inside the mind of a medicinal chemist: the role of human bias in compound prioritization during drug discovery. PLoS One 7:e48476

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. TIBCO Software Inc (2014) TIBCO Spotfire, 5.5.1

    Google Scholar 

  8. Biovia (2013) Pipeline Pilot, 9.1

    Google Scholar 

  9. Overington JP (2009) ChEMBL: large-scale mapping of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology data to genomes. Abstr Pap Am Chem S 238

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bento AP, Gaulton A, Hersey A et al (2014) The ChEMBL bioactivity database: an update. Nucleic Acids Res 42:D1083–D1090

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Metabase. http://thomsonreuters.com/metabase/

  12. Annis DA, Nickbarg E, Yang X et al (2007) Affinity selection-mass spectrometry screening techniques for small molecule drug discovery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 11:518–526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Congreve M, Carr R, Murray C et al (2003) A rule of three for fragment-based lead discovery? Drug Discov Today 8:876–877

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Baell JB, Holloway GA (2010) New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries and for their exclusion in bioassays. J Med Chem 53:2719–2740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Crisman TJ, Bender A, Milik M et al (2008) "Virtual fragment linking": an approach to identify potent binders from low affinity fragment hits. J Med Chem 51:2481–2491

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wassermann AM, Kutchukian PS, Lounkine E et al (2013) Efficient search of chemical space: navigating from fragments to structurally diverse chemotypes. J Med Chem 56:8879–8891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lewell XQ, Judd DB, Watson SP et al (1998) RECAP – retrosynthetic combinatorial analysis procedure: a powerful new technique for identifying privileged molecular fragments with useful applications in combinatorial chemistry. J Chem Inf Comp Sci 38:511–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lounkine E, Kutchukian P, Glick M (2013) Chemometric applications of naïve Bayesian models in drug discovery – beyond compound ranking. In: Bajorath J (ed) Chemoinformatics: case studies and pharmaceutical applications. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter S. Kutchukian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Kutchukian, P.S., So, SS., Fischer, C., Waller, C.L. (2015). Fragment Library Design: Using Cheminformatics and Expert Chemists to Fill Gaps in Existing Fragment Libraries. In: Klon, A. (eds) Fragment-Based Methods in Drug Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1289. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2486-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2486-8_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2485-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2486-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics