Skip to main content

Training in Endoscopic Ultrasound

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
ERCP and EUS

Abstract

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an established technique with a variety of applications. With increasing use of EUS, there is a need to assure the adequacy of endosonography training. Achieving proficiency in EUS typically requires additional training beyond the scope of a traditional 3-year Gastroenterology fellowship program. A 1-year Advanced Endoscopy fellowship following completion of an accredited Gastroenterology training program is the most common training pathway for most endosonographers in the United States. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) has published minimum procedure numbers for credentialing in EUS procedures and proposed an EUS core curriculum. There are several factors to consider in choosing an advanced endoscopy program including faculty expertise and interests and procedure volumes and complexity. The goal is to achieve proficiency in both the technical and cognitive aspects of EUS. There are several components of EUS practice that require varying levels of experience; for example, gastrointestinal tumor staging and pancreaticobiliary EUS require greater experience as compared to the evaluation of subepithelial lesions. Objective assessment criteria are being developed to assess trainee performance. Electronic resources such as DVDs and endoscopy video websites and training on simulators can be useful adjuncts to clinical training under the supervision of an experienced endosonographer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Muller MF, Meyenberger C, Bertschinger P, Schaer R, Marincek B. Pancreatic tumors: evaluation with endoscopic US, CT, and MR imaging. Radiology. [Comparative Study]. 1994;190(3):745–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Eisen GM, Dominitz JA, Faigel DO, Goldstein JA, Petersen BT, Raddawi HM, et al. Guidelines for credentialing and granting privileges for endoscopic ultrasound. Gastrointest Endosc. [Guideline Practice Guideline]. 2001;54(6):811–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Van Dam J, Brady PG, Freeman M, Gress F, Gross GW, Hassall E, et al. Guidelines for training in electronic ultrasound: guidelines for clinical application. From the ASGE. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. [Guideline Practice Guideline Review]. 1999;49(6):829–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Palazzo L, Roseau G, Gayet B, Vilgrain V, Belghiti J, Fekete F, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results of a prospective study with comparison to ultrasonography and CT scan. Endoscopy. [Comparative Study]. 1993;25(2):143–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wiersema MJ, Vilmann P, Giovannini M, Chang KJ, Wiersema LM. Endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: diagnostic accuracy and complication assessment. Gastroenterology. [Clinical Trial Multicenter Study]. 1997;112(4):1087–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gress FG, Hawes RH, Savides TJ, Ikenberry SO, Lehman GA. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy using linear array and radial scanning endosonography. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;45(3):243–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hecht JR, Farrell JJ, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J, Rosemurgy A, Chung T, et al. EUS or percutaneously guided intratumoral TNFerade biologic with 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy for first-line treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase I/II study. Gastrointest Endosc. [Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Multicenter Study]. 2012;75(2):332–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. DiMaio CJ, Mishra G, McHenry L, Adler DG, Coyle WJ, Dua K, et al. EUS core curriculum. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(3):476–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Eisen GM, Dominitz JA, Faigel DO, Goldstein JL, Kalloo AN, Petersen BT, et al. Guidelines for advanced endoscopic training. Gastrointest Endosc. [Guideline Practice Guideline]. 2001;53(7):846–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Parada KS, Peng R, Erickson RA, Hawes R, Sahai AV, Ziogas A, et al. A resource utilization projection study of EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. [Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. 2002;55(3):328–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Polkowski M, Larghi A, Weynand B, Boustiere C, Giovannini M, Pujol B, et al. Learning, techniques, and complications of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling in gastroenterology: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) technical guideline. Endoscopy. 2012;44(2):190–206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nayar M, Joy D, Wadehra V, Oppong K. Effect of dedicated and supervised training on achieving competence in EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions. Scand J Gastroenterol. [Comparative Study]. 2011;46(7/8):997–1003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Savides TJ, Fisher AH Jr, Gress FG, Hawes RH, Lightdale CJ. 1999 ASGE endoscopic ultrasound survey. ASGE Ad Hoc Endoscopic Ultrasound Committee. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52(6):745–50.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Eloubeidi MA, Tamhane A. EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a learning curve with 300 consecutive procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. [Comparative Study]. 2005;61(6):700–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wani S, Hall M, Keswani RN, Aslanian HR, Casey B, Burbridge R, Chak A Chen AM, Cote G, Edmundowicz SA, Faulx AL, Hollander TG, Lee LS, Mullady D, Murad F, Muthusamy VR, Pfau PR, Scheiman JM, Tokar J, Wagh MS, Watson R, Early D. Variation in aptitude of trainees in endoscopic ultrasonography based on cumulative sum analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Nov 14. Epub ahead of print.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Azad JS, Verma D, Kapadia AS, Adler DG. Can U.S. GI fellowship programs meet American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommendations for training in EUS? A survey of U.S. GI fellowship program directors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(2):235–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Eloubeidi MA. Developing an academic EUS program: the University of Alabama at Birmingham experience. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65(7):1039–41. Discussion.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Eisen GM, Baron TH, Dominitz JA, Faigel DO, Goldstein JL, Johanson JF, et al. Methods of granting hospital privileges to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. [Guideline]. 2002;55(7):780–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hoffman BJ, Hawes RH. Endoscopic ultrasound and clinical competence. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 1995;5(4):879–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Fockens P, Van den Brande JH, van Dullemen HM, van Lanschot JJ, Tytgat GN. Endosonographic T-staging of esophageal carcinoma: a learning curve. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996;44(1):58–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Schlick T, Heintz A, Junginger T. The examiner’s learning effect and its influence on the quality of endoscopic ultrasonography in carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Surg Endosc. 1999;13(9):894–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wani S, Cote GA, Keswani R, Mullady D, Azar R, Murad F, et al. Learning curves for EUS by using cumulative sum analysis: implications for American society for gastrointestinal endoscopy recommendations for training. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;77(4):558–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fritscher-Ravens A, Cuming T, Dhar S, Parupudi SV, Patel K, Ghanbari A, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration training: evaluation of a new porcine lymphadenopathy model for in vivo hands-on teaching and training, and review of the literature. Endoscopy. 2013;45(2):114–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cote GA, Hovis CE, Kohlmeier C, Ammar T, Al-Lehibi A, Azar RR, et al. Training in EUS-guided fine needle aspiration: safety and diagnostic yield of attending supervised, trainee-directed FNA from the onset of training. Diagn Ther Endosc. 2011;2011:378540.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Konge L, Vilmann P, Clementsen P, Annema JT, Ringsted C. Reliable and valid assessment of competence in endoscopic ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration for mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Endoscopy. [Validation Studies]. 2012;44(10):928–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Eisen GM, Dominitz JA, Faigel DO, Goldstein JA, Petersen BT, Raddawi HM, et al. Guidelines for credentialing and granting privileges for endoscopic ultrasound. Gastrointest Endosc. [Guideline Practice Guideline]. 2001;54(6):811–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Boyce HW Jr. Training in endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 43(2 Pt 2):12–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wani S, Wallace MB, Cohen J, Pike IM, Adler DG, Kochman ML, Lieb JG 2nd, Park WG, Rizk MK, Sawhney MS, Shaheen NJ, Tokar JL. Quality indicators for EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chak A, Cooper GS. Procedure-specific outcomes assessment for endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. [Review]. 1999;9(4):649–56, vii.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Adler DG, Bakis G, Coyle WJ, DeGregorio B, Dua KS, Lee LS, et al. Principles of training in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. [Practice Guideline]. 2012;75(2):231–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hoffman BJ, Wallace MB, Eloubeidi MA, Sahai AV, Chak A, van Velse A, et al. How many supervised procedures does it take to become competent in EUS? Results of a multicenter three year study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;51:AB139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Technology Assessment status evaluation: tissue sampling during endosonography. 1998;47(6):576–8.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Iglesias-Garcia J, Larino-Noia J, Abdulkader I, Forteza J, Dominguez-Munoz JE. Quantitative endoscopic ultrasound elastography: an accurate method for the differentiation of solid pancreatic masses. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(4):1172–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gupta K, Perez-Miranda M, Kahaleh M, Artifon EL, Itoi T, Freeman ML, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-assisted bile duct access and drainage: multicenter, long-term analysis of approach, outcomes, and complications of a technique in evolution. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014. 48:80–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Sutton BS, Trevino JM, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Equal efficacy of endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst drainage in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(3):583–90 e1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Wiersema MJ, Clain JE, Rajan E, Wang KK, et al. Initial evaluation of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided direct ganglia neurolysis and block. Am J Gastroenterol. [Comparative Study]. 2008;103(1):98–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Romero-Castro R, Pellicer-Bautista F, Giovannini M, Marcos-Sanchez F, Caparros-Escudero C, Jimenez-Saenz M, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided coil embolization therapy in gastric varices. Endoscopy. 2010;42(Suppl 2):E35–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cass OW. Objective evaluation of competence: technical skills in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy. 1995;27(1):86–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Jowell PS, Baillie J, Branch MS, Affronti J, Browning CL, Bute BP. Quantitative assessment of procedural competence. A prospective study of training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(12):983–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dominitz JA, Ikenberry SO, Anderson MA, Banerjee S, Baron TH, Cash BD, et al. Renewal of and proctoring for endoscopic privileges. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67(1):10–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals: the official handbook, management of the environment of care chapter. (Revisions appear in italics and become effective Jan. 1, 1998.). Joint Commission perspectives Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 1997;17(1):EC7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Savides TJ, Donohue M, Hunt G, Al-Haddad M, Aslanian H, Ben-Menachem T, et al. EUS-guided FNA diagnostic yield of malignancy in solid pancreatic masses: a benchmark for quality performance measurement. Gastrointest Endosc. [Multicenter Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. 2007;66(2):277–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Desilets DJ, Banerjee S, Barth BA, Kaul V, Kethu SR, Pedrosa MC, et al. Endoscopic simulators. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(5):861–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Markman HD. A new system for teaching proctosigmoidoscopic morphology. Am J Gastroenterol. 1969;52(1):65–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Gerson LB. Evidence-based assessment of endoscopic simulators for training. Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin N Am. [Review]. 2006;16(3):489–509, vii–viii.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Hochberger J, Maiss J. Currently available simulators: ex vivo models. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. [In Vitro Review]. 2006;16(3):435–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Verdaasdonk EG, Stassen LP, Monteny LJ, Dankelman J. Validation of a new basic virtual reality simulator for training of basic endoscopic skills: the SIMENDO. Surg Endosc. [Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial]. 2006;20(3):511–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Sedlack RE, Kolars JC, Alexander JA. Computer simulation training enhances patient comfort during endoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. 2004;2(4):348–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sedlack RE. The state of simulation in endoscopy education: continuing to advance toward our goals. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):9–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kefalides PT, Gress F. Simulator training for endoscopic ultrasound. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. [Review]. 2006;16(3):543–52, viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Gromski MA, Matthes K. Simulation in advanced endoscopy: state of the art and the next generation. Techniques Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;13:203–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Pawa R, Chuttani R. Benefits and limitations of simulation in endoscopic training. Techniques Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;13:191–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Yusuf TE, Matthes K, Lee Y, Goodman AJ, Robbins DH, Stavropoulos S, Gress FG. Evaluation of the EASIE-R simulator for the training of basic and advanced EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:S264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Gromski MA, Brugge WR, Chuttani R, Sawhney M, Gress F, Matthes K. Development and evaluation of a novel endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) simulator. Digestive disease week, New Orleans, LA. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Dhir V, Itoi T, Fockens P, Perez-Miranda M, Khashab MA, Seo DW, Yang AM, Lawrence KY, Maydeo A. Novel ex vivo model for hands-on teaching of and training in EUS-guided biliary drainage: creation of “Mumbai EUS” stereolithography/3D printing bile duct prototype (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:440–6.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Douglas O. Faigel MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pannala, R., Faigel, D. (2015). Training in Endoscopic Ultrasound. In: Lee, L. (eds) ERCP and EUS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2320-5_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2320-5_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2319-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2320-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics