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Predictive Coding in Sensory Cortex

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An Introduction to Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience

Abstract

In recent years, predictive coding has become an increasingly influential model of how the brain processes sensory information. Predictive coding theories state that the brain is constantly trying to predict the inputs it receives, and each region in the cortical sensory hierarchy represents both these predictions and the mismatch between predictions and input (prediction error). In this chapter, we review the extant empirical evidence for this theory, as well as discuss recent theoretical advances. We find that predictive coding provides a good explanation for many phenomena observed in perception, and generates testable hypotheses. Furthermore, we suggest possible avenues for further empirical testing and for broadening the perspective of the role predictive coding may play in cognition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500, Nijmegen, HB, The Netherlands

    Peter Kok & Floris P. de Lange

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  2. Floris P. de Lange
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Correspondence to Peter Kok .

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  1. Cognitive Science Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Birte U. Forstmann

  2. Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

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Kok, P., de Lange, F. (2015). Predictive Coding in Sensory Cortex. In: Forstmann, B., Wagenmakers, EJ. (eds) An Introduction to Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2236-9_11

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