Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Salivary Glands and Head and Neck

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

This chapter is designed as an easy reference for the practicing pathologist aiming to solve diagnostic problems in head and neck pathology by immunohistochemistry (IHC). It is a collection of 40 practical tables including tables for commonly used antibodies, IHC reactions in normal salivary gland, IHC reactions in common salivary gland and head and neck tumors, and IHC reactions to resolve differential diagnostic challenges. Also included are practical footnotes and photographic illustrations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Foschini MP, Marucci G, Eusebi V. Low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: characteristic immunohistochemical profile and evidence of striated duct differentiation. Virchows Arch. 2002;440(5):536–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Azevedo RS, de Almeida OP, Kowalski LP, Pires FR. Comparative cytokeratin expression in the different cell types of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2008;2(4):257–64.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lazard D, Sastre X, Frid MG, Glukhova MA, Thiery JP, Koteliansky VE. Expression of smooth muscle-specific proteins in myoepithelium and stromal myofibroblasts of normal and malignant human breast tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90(3):999–1003.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dabbs DJ. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kennedy M, Jordan R, Berean K, et al. Expression pattern of CK7, CK20, CDX-2, and villin in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57(9):932–7.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Regauer S, Beham A, Mannweiler S. CK7 Expression in carcinomas of the Waldeyer's ring area. Hum Pathol. 2000;31(9):1096–101.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Xia W, Yiu-Kueng L, Hu M, et al. High tumoral maspin expression is associated with improved survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2000;19(20):2398.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Iwafuchi H, Mori N, Takahashi T, Yatabe Y. Phenotypic composition of salivary gland tumors: an application of principal [corrected] component analysis to tissue microarray data. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(7):803–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Mino M, Pilch BZ, Faquin WC. Expression of KIT (CD117) in Neoplasms of the Head and Neck: An Ancillary Marker for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2003;16(12):1224.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rossi S, Orvieto E, Furlanetto A, Laurino L, Ninfo V, Dei Tos AP. Utility of the immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 expression in round cell and vascular neoplasm using a monoclonal antibody. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(5):547–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Winter MJ, Nagtegaal ID, van Krieken JH, Litvinov SV. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) as a morphoregulatory molecule is a tool in surgical pathology. Am J Pathol. 2003;163(6):2139–48.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Viacava P, Naccarato AG, Bevilacqua G. Spectrum of GCDFP-15 expression in human fetal and adult normal tissues. Virchows Arch. 1998;432(3):255–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Watanabe K, Tajino T, Sekiguchi M, Suzuki T. h-Caldesmon as a specific marker for smooth muscle tumors. Comparison with other smooth muscle markers in bone tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;113(5):663–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Alves SM, Cardoso SV, de Fatima BV, et al. Metallothionein immunostaining in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. Oral Oncol. 2007;43(3):252.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dutsch-Wicherek M, Popiela TJ, Klimek M, et al. Metallothionein stroma reaction in tumour adjacent healthy tissue in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and breat adenocarcinoma. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005;26(5):567–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cherian MG, Jayasurya A, Bay BH. Metallothioneins in human tumors and potential roles in carcinogenesis. Mutat Res. 2003;533(1–2):201–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sundelin K, Jadner M, Norberg-Spaak L, Davidsson A, Hellquist HB. Metallothionein and Fas (CD95) are expressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Eur J Cancer. 1997;33(11):1860–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gao Y, Han Z, Liu X. Megallothionein expression and its significance in salivary gland tumors [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997;32(5):282–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Marioni G, Staffieri A, Bertolin A, et al. Laryngeal carcinoma lymph node metastasis and disease-free survival correlate with MASPIN nuclear expression but not with EGFR expression: a series of 108 cases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(70):1103–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schwarz S, Ettl T, Kleinsasser N, Hartmann A, Reichert TE, Driemel O. Loss of Maspin expression is a negative prognostic factor in common salivary gland tumors. Oral Oncol. 2008;44(6):563–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Meer S, Altini M. CK7+/CK20- immunoexpression profile is typical of salivary gland neoplasia. Histopathology. 2007;51(1):26–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nakatsuka S, Oji Y, Horiuchi T, et al. Immunohistochemical detection of WT1 protein in a variety of cancer cells. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(6):804–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Chu PG, Weiss LM. Keratin expression in human tissues and neoplasms. Histopathology. 2002;40(5):403–39.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Coleman H, Altini M, Ali H, Doglioni C, Favia G, Maiorano E. Use of calretinin in the differential diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastomas. Histopathology. 2001;38(4):312–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jones H, Moshtael F, Simpson RH. Immunoreactivity of alpha smooth muscle actin in salivary gland tumours: a comparison with S100 protein. J Clin Pathol. 1992;45(10):938–40.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. DeRoche TC, Hoschar AP, Hunt JL. Immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen receptor, HER-2/neu, and p53 in benign pleomorphic adenomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132(12):1907–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. French CA. Demysitified molecular pathology of NUT midline carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 2010;63(6):492–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wolfish EB, Nelson BL, Thompson LD. Sinonasal tract mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 19 cases combined with a comprehensive review of the literature. Head Neck Pathol. 2012;6(2):191–207.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Huang JW, Ming Z, Shrestha P, et al. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the Ca(2+)-binding S-100 proteins S-100A1, S-100A2, S-100A4, S-100A6 and S-100B in salivary gland tumors. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996;25(10):547–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Savera AT, Gown AM, Zarbo RJ. Immunolocalization of three novel smooth muscle-specific proteins in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma: assessment of the morphogenetic role of myoepithelium. Mod Pathol. 1997;10(11):1093–100.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Seethala RR, LiVolsi VA, Zhang PJ, Pasha TL, Baloch ZW. Comparison of p63 and p73 expression in benign and malignant salivary gland lesions. Head Neck. 2005;27(8):696–702.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Nikitakis NG, Tosios KI, Papanikolaou VS, Rivera H, Papanicolaou SI, Ioffe OB. Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in malignant salivary gland tumors. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(4):407–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Azumi N, Battifora H. The cellular composition of adenoid cystic carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study. Cancer. 1987;60(7):1589–98.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Weber A, Langhanki L, Schutz A, et al. Expression profiles of p53, p63, and p73 in benign salivary gland tumors. Virchows Arch. 2002;441(5):428–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Darling MR, Schneider JW, Phillips VM. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma: a review and comparison of immunohistochemical markers. Oral Oncol. 2002;38(7):641–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. de Araujo VC, de Sousa SO. Expression of different keratins in salivary gland tumours. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1996; 32B(1):14–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sobral AP, Loducca SV, Kowalski LP, et al. Immunohistochemical distinction of high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma of the parotid region. Oral Oncol. 2002;38(5): 437–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Su L, Morgan PR, Harrison DL, Waseem A, Lane EB. Expression of keratin mRNAs and proteins in normal salivary epithelia and pleomorphic adenomas. J Pathol. 1993;171(3):173–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Zarbo RJ. Salivary gland neoplasia: a review for the practicing pathologist. Mod Pathol. 2002;15(3):298–323.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Foschini MP, Scarpellini F, Gown AM, Eusebi V. Differential expression of myoepithelial markers in salivary, sweat and mammary glands. Int J Surg Pathol. 2000;8(1):29–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ogawa Y, Toyosawa S, Ishida T, Ijuhin N. Keratin 14 immunoreactive cells in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas of salivary glands. Virchows Arch. 2000;437(1):58–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Tsukitani K, Nakai M, Tatemoto Y, Hikosaka N, Mori M. Histochemical studies of obstructive adenitis in human submandibular salivary glands. I. Immunohistochemical demonstration of lactoferrin, lysozyme and carcinoembryonic antigen. J Oral Pathol. 1985;14(8):631–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Epivatianos A, Iordanides S, Zaraboukas T, Antoniades D. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands: a comparative immunohistochemical study using the epithelial membrane and carcinoembryonic antibodies. Oral Dis. 2005;11(3):175–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Bilal H, Handra-Luca A, Bertrand JC, Fouret PJ. P63 is expressed in basal and myoepithelial cells of human normal and tumor salivary gland tissues. J Histochem Cytochem. 2003;51(2):133–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Langman G, Andrews CL, Weissferdt A. WT-1 Expression in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas: a reliable marker of neoplastic myoepithelium. Mod Pathol. 2010;24(2):168–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Gonzalez-Alva P, Tanaka A, Oku Y, et al. Enhanced expression of podoplanin in ameloblastomas. J Oral Pathol. 2010;39(1):103–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Alos L, Lujan B, Castillo M, et al. Expression of membrane-bound mucins (MUC1 and MUC4) and secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6 and MUC7) in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of salivary glands. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(6):806–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Handra-Luca A, Lamas G, Bertrand JC, Fouret P. MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC expression in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(7):881–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Shi J, Huang Y, Liu H, Lin F. The von Hippel-Lindau gene product (pVHL) is a useful marker in differentiating salivary acinar cell carcinoma from oncytoma [USCAP abstract 420]. Mod Pathol. 2009;22(S1):96A.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ogawa Y. Immunocytochemistry of myoepithelial cells in the salivary glands. Prog Histochem Cytochem. 2003;38(4):343–426.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Itoiz ME, Lanfranchi HE, Cabrini RL, Dominguez FV. Immunocytochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in salivary gland tumors. Int J Oral Surg. 1983;12(5):340–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Okamoto E, Kikuchi K, Miyazaki Y, et al. Significance of podoplanin expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumor. J Oral Pathol Med. 2010;39(1):110–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Gurgel CA, Ramos EA, Azevedo RA, Sarmento VA, da Silva Carvalho AM, Santos JN. Expression of Ki-67, p53 and p63 proteins in keratocyst odontogenic tumours: an immunohistochemical study. J Mol Histol. 2008;39(3):311–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Edwards PC, Bhuiya T, Kelsch RD. Assessment of p63 expression in the salivary gland neoplasms adenoid cystic carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, and basal cell and canalicular adenomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;97(5):613–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Zarbo RJ, Prasad AR, Regezi JA, Gown AM, Savera AT. Salivary gland basal cell and canalicular adenomas: immunohistochemical demonstration of myoepithelial cell participation and morphogenetic considerations. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124(3):401–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. de Araujo VC, de Sousa SO, Carvalho YR, de Araujo NS. Application of immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Molecul Morphol. 2000;8(3):195–202.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Prasad AR, Savera AT, Gown AM, Zarbo RJ. The myoepithelial immunophenotype in 135 benign and malignant salivary gland tumors other than pleomorphic adenoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1999;123(9):801–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Alos L, Cardesa A, Bombi JA, Mallofre C, Cuchi A, Traserra J. Myoepithelial tumors of salivary glands: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow-cytometric study. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1996;13(2):138–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Takahashi H, Tsuda N, Tezuka F, Okabe H. Immunohistochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland: use in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1986;149(3):329–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ferreiro JA. Immunohistochemistry of basal cell adenoma of the major salivary glands. Histopathology. 1994;24(6):539–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Pereira MC, Pereira AA, Hanemann JA. Immunohistochemical profile of canalicular adenoma of the upper lip: a case report. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007;12(1):E1–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Yuri T, Mitsuyoshi H, Yoshiaki N, Hiromi K, Takeshi O, Chotatsu T. Morphology of myoepithelial cells seen in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. J Japan Soc Clin Cytol. 1999;38(5):403.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Cavalcante RB, Lopes FF, Ferreira AS, Freitas Rde A, de Souza LB. Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, calponin and HHF-35 in salivary gland tumors. Braz Dent J. 2007;18(3):192–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Osman M, Ferriera P. Ki67 immunoreactivity in odontogenic keratocysts and orthokeratinized jaw cysts. [IADR Abstract 2521]. The International Association for Dental Research/AADR/CADR 85th General Session and Exhibition (March 21–24, 2007), New Orleans, LA. http//iadr.confex.com/iadr/2007orleans/techprogram/abstract_88699.html

    Google Scholar 

  65. Dardick I, Claude A, Parks WR, et al. Warthin's tumor: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of basilar epithelium. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1988;12(4):419–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Segami N, Fukuda M, Manabe T. Immunohistological study of the epithelial components of Warthin's tumor. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;18(3):133–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Schwerer MJ, Kraft K, Baczako K, Maier H. Cytokeratin expression and epithelial differentiation in Warthin's tumour and its metaplastic (infarcted) variant. Histopathology. 2001;39(4):347–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhou CX, Gao Y. Oncocytoma of the salivary glands: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Oral Oncol. 2009:e232.

    Google Scholar 

  69. McHugh JB, Hoschar AP, Dvorakova M, Parwani AV, Barnes EL, Seethala RR. p63 immunohistochemistry differentiates salivary gland oncocytoma and oncocytic carcinoma from metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2007;1(2):123–31.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Weiler C, Reu S, Zengel P, Kirchner T, Ihrler S. Obligate basal cell component in salivary oncocytoma facilitates distinction from acinic cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract. 2009;205(12):838–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Thompson LD, Wenig BM, Ellis GL. Oncocytomas of the submandibular gland. A series of 22 cases and a review of the literature. Cancer. 1996;78(11):2281–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lee JH, Lee JH, Kim A, Kim I, Chae YS. Unique expression of MUC3, MUC5AC and cytokeratins in salivary gland carcinomas. Pathol Int. 2005;55(7):386–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Loyola A, de Sousa SO, Araujo NS, Araujo VC. Study of minor salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma differentiation based on immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins, vimentin and muscle-specific actin. Oral Oncol. 1998;34(2):112.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Araujo V, Sousa S, Jaeger M, et al. Characterization of the cellular component of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Oral Oncol. 1999;35(2):164–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Ohtomo R, Mori T, Shibata S, et al. SOX10 is a novel marker of acinus and intercalated duct differentiation in salivary gland tumors: a clue to the histogenesis for tumor diagnosis. Mod Pathol. 2013;26(8):1041–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Klijanienko J. el-Naggar A, Ponzio-Prion A, Marandas P, Micheau C, Caillaud JM. Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Immunohistochemical comparison with adenoid cystic carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119(8):887–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Furuse C, Cury PR, de Araujo NS, de Araujo VC. Application of two different clones of vimentin to the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Molecul Morphol. 2006;14(2):217–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Nagao T, Gaffey TA, Serizawa H, et al. Dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 6 cases. Mod Pathol. 2003;16(12):1265–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Bell D, Roberts D, Karpowicz M, Hanna EY, Weber RS, El-Naggar AK. Clinical significance of Myb protein and downstream target genes in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2011;12(7):569–73.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Watanabe Y, Wato M. Expression of p16 and p73 in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. J Osaka Dental Univ. 2007;41(1):1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Skalova A, Vanecek T, Sima R, et al. Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands, containing the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene: a hitherto undescribed salivary gland tumor entity. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(5):599–608.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Ihrler S, Blasenbreu-Vogt S, Sendelhofert A, Lang S, Zietz C, Lohrs U. Differential diagnosis of salivary acinic cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (NOS). A comparison of (immuno-)histochemical markers. Pathol Res Pract. 2002;198(12):777–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Crivelini MM, de Sousa SO, de Araujo VC. Immunohistochemical study of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland. Oral Oncol. 1997;33(3):204–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Warner TF, Seo IS, Azen EA, Hafez GR, Zarling TA. Immunocytochemistry of acinic cell carcinomas and mixed tumors of salivary glands. Cancer. 1985;56(9):2221–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Emanuel P, Wang B, Wu M, Burstein DE. p63 Immunohistochemistry in the distinction of adenoid cystic carcinoma from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathlo. 2005;18(5):644–50.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Chênevert J, Duvvuri U, Chiosea S, et al. DOG1: a novel marker of salivary acinar and intercalated duct differentiation. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(7):919–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Skalova A, Starek I, Vanecek T, et al. Expression of HER-2/neu gene and protein in salivary duct carcinomas of parotid gland as revealed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Histopathology. 2003;42(4):348–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Moriki T, Ueta S, Takahashi T, Mitani M, Ichien M. Salivary duct carcinoma: cytologic characteristics and application of androgen receptor immunostaining for diagnosis. Cancer. 2001;93(5):344–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Johnson CJ, Barry MB, Vasef MA, Deyoung BR. Her-2/neu expression in salivary duct carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and chromogenic in situ hybridization study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2008;16(1):54–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Etges A, Pinto Jr DS, Kowalski LP, Soares FA, Araujo VC. Salivary duct carcinoma: immunohistochemical profile of an aggressive salivary gland tumour. J Clin Pathol. 2003;56(12):914–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Kawahara A, Harada H, Akiba J, Kage M. Salivary duct carcinoma cytologically diagnosed distinctly from salivary gland carcinomas with squamous differentiation. Diagn Cytopathol. 2008;36(7):485–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Brandwein-Gensler M, Hille J, Wang BY, et al. Low-grade salivary duct carcinoma: description of 16 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(8):1040–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Korsrud FR, Brandtzaeg P. Immunofluorescence study of secretory epithelial markers in pleomorphic adenomas. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1984;403(3):291–300.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Taddesse-Heath L, Meloni-Ehrig A, Scheerle J, Kelly JC, Jaffe ES. Plasmablastic lymphoma with MYC translocation: evidence for a common pathway in the generation of plasmablastic features. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(7):991–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. WHO classification of tumours pathology & genetics head and neck tumours. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2005. p. 430.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Farrell T, Chang YL. Basal cell adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131(10):1602–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Quddus MR, Henley JD, Affify AM, et al. Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87(4):485–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Parashar P, Baron E, Papadimitriou JC, Ord RA, Nikitakis NG. Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the oral minor salivary glands: review of the literature and presentation of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103(1):77–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Seethala RR, Barnes EL, Hunt JL. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: a review of the clinicopathologic spectrum and immunophenotypic characteristics in 61 tumors of the salivary glands and upper aerodigestive tract. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(1):44–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Dardick I, Thomas MJ, van Nostrand AW. Myoepithelioma–new concepts of histology and classification: a light and electron microscopic study. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1989;13(2–3):187–224.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Ramraje S, Bharambe B, Zode R. Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of the submandibular salivary gland. Bombay Hosp J. 2010;52(1):141.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Nagao T, Sugano I, Ishida Y, et al. Salivary gland malignant myoepithelioma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of ten cases. Cancer. 1998;83(7):1292–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Di Palma S, Guzzo M. Malignant myoepithelioma of salivary glands: clinicopathological features of ten cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;423(5):389–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Hornick JL, Fletcher CD. Myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 101 cases with evaluation of prognostic parameters. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(9):1183–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Savera AT, Sloman A, Huvos AG, Klimstra DS. Myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands: a clinicopathologic study of 25 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(6):761–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Piattelli A, Lezzi G, Fioroni M, Santinelli A, Rubini C. Ki-67 expression in dentigerous cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas, and ameloblastomas arising from dental cysts. J Endod. 2002;28(2):55–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Takahashi H, Tsuda N, Tezuka F, Okabe H. An immunoperoxidase investigation of S-100 protein in the epithelial component of Warthin's tumor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1986;62(1):57–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Solar AA, Schmidt BL, Jordan RC. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma: case series and comprehensive review of the literature. Cancer. 2009;115(1):75–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. O'Sullivan-Mejia ED, Massey HD, Faquin WC, Powes CN. Hylanizing clear cell carcinoma: report of eight cases and a review of literature. Head Neck Pathol. 2009;3(3):179–85.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Wang B, Brandwein M, Gordon R, Robinson R, Urken M, Zarbo RJ. Primary salivary clear cell tumors–a diagnostic approach: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 20 patients with clear cell carcinoma, clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma, and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126(6):676–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Connor A, Perez-Ordoñez B, Shago M, Skálová A, Weinreb I. Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of salivary gland origin with the ETV6 gene rearrangement by FISH: expanded morphologic and immunohistochemical spectrum of a recently described entity. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(1):27–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Patel KR, Solomon IH, El-Mofty SK, Lewis Jr JS, Chernock RD. Mammaglobin and S-100 immunoreactivity in salivary gland carcinomas other than mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(11):2501–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Bishop JA, Yonescu R, Batista D, Begum S, Eisele DW, Westra WH. Utility of mammaglobin immunohistochemistry as a proxy marker for the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation in the diagnosis of salivary mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(10):1982–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Schwartz LE, Begum S, Westra WH, Bishop JA. GATA3 immunohistochemical expression in salivary gland neoplasms. Head Neck Pathol. 2013;7(4):311–5.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Vargas H, Sudilovsky D, Kaplan M, Regezi J, Weidner N. Mixed tumor, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland: pathogenic implications and differential diagnosis by Ki-67 (MIB1), BCL2, and S-100 immunohistochemistry. Appl Immunohistochem. 1997;5(1):8–16.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M. Selective immunohistochemical comparison of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(3):415–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Prasad ML, Barbacioru CC, Rawal YB, Husein O, Wen P. Hierarchical cluster analysis of myoepithelial/basal cell markers in adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2008;21(2):105–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Shibata RS, Martiniuk F, Qian Y, et al. Immunohistochemical Expression of c-kit (CD117) in mucosal melanomas of the head and neck [USCAP abstract 1255]. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(S1):280A.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Araujo VC, Loducca SV, Sousa SO, Williams DM, Araujo NS. The cribriform features of adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma: cytokeratin and integrin expression. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2001;5(6):330–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Gnepp DR, Chen JC, Warren C. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland. An immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12(6):461–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Rotellini M, Palomba A, Baroni G, et al. Diagnostic utility of PLAG1 immunohistochemical determination in salivary gland tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2014;22(5):390–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Kawahara A, Harada H, Yokoyama T, Kage M. p63 Expression of clear myoepithelial cells in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland: a useful marker for naked myoepithelial cells in cytology. Cancer. 2005;105(4):240–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Ellis GL. "Clear cell" oncocytoma of salivary gland. Hum Pathol. 1988;19(7):862–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Lai G, Nemolato S, Lecca S, Parodo G, Medda C, Faa G. The role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the minor salivary gland: a case report. Eur J Histochem. 2008;52(4):251–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Pires FR, Azevedo RS, Ficarra G, et al. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the oral cavity and clear cell mucoepidermoid carcinoma: comparative clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;109(4):e22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Lueck N, Robinson RA. High levels of expression of cytokeratin 5 are strongly correlated with poor survival in higher grades of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(7):837.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Zarbo RJ, Regezi JA, Batsakis JG. S-100 protein in salivary gland tumors: an immunohistochemical study of 129 cases. Head Neck Surg. 1986;8(4):268–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Saqi A, Giorgadze TA, Eleazar J, Remotti F, Vazquez MF. Clear cell and eosinophilic oncocytomas of salivary gland: cytological variants or parallels? Diagn Cytopathol. 2007;35(3):158–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Carpentieri DF, Nichols K, Chou PM, Matthews M, Pawel B, Huff D. The expression of WT1 in the differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma from other pediatric small round blue cell tumors. Mod Pathol. 2002;15(10):1080–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Megerian CA, Pilch BZ, Bhan AK, McKenna MJ. Differential expression of transthyretin in papillary tumors of the endolymphatic sac and choroid plexus. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(2):216–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Devaney KO, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A. Endolymphatic sac tumor (low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma) of the temporal bone. Acta Otolaryngol. 2003;123(9):1022.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Johnson TL, Zarbo RJ, Lloyd RV, Crissman JD. Paragangliomas of the head and neck: immunohistochemical neuroendocrine and intermediate filament typing. Mod Pathol. 1988;1(3):216–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Neves CO, Soares AB, Costa AF, et al. CD10 (neutral endopeptidase) expression in myoepithelial cells of salivary neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2010;18(2):172–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Angiero F, Sozzi D, Seramondi R, Valente MG. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the minor salivary glands: immunohistochemical and morphological features. Anticancer Res. 2009;29(11):4703–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Lin F, Yang W, Betten M, Bin T, Yang XJ. Expression of S-100 protein in renal cell neoplasms. Hum Pathol. 2006;37(4):462–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Ozolek JA, Bastacky SI, Myers EN, Hunt JL. Immunophenotypic comparison of salivary gland oncocytoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(6):1097–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Skalova A, Michal M, Ryska A, et al. Oncocytic myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands. Virchows Arch. 1999;434(6):537–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Liu H, Shi J, Liang K, Meschter S, Lin F. Loss of or reduced expression of the von Hippel-Lindau Gene Product (pVHL) in malignant salivary epithelial neoplasms - with an implication of its role in tumorigenesis [USCAP abstract 1089]. Mod Pathol. 2008;21(S1):238A.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Gustafsson H, Virtanen I, Thornell LE. Expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in salivary gland carcinomas as revealed with monoclonal antibodies. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1988;412(6):515–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Faquin WC, Powers CN. Salivary gland cytopathology. In: Rosenthal DL, editor. Essentials in cytopathology, vol. 5. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 156.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Tickoo SK, Amin MB, Linden MD, Lee MW, Zarbo RJ. Antimitochondrial antibody (113-1) in the differential diagnosis of granular renal cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21(8):922–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Weinreb I, Seethala RR, Perez-Ordonez B, Chetty R, Hoschar AP, Hunt JL. Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma: clinicopathologic description in a series of 12 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(3):409–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Dale BA, Salonen J, Jones AH. New approaches and concepts in the study of differentiation of oral epithelia. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1990;1(3):167–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Morgan P, Leigh I, Purkis P, et al. Site variations in keratin expression in human oral epithelia: an immunohistochemical study of individual keratins. Epithelia. 1987;31.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Ogden GR, Lane EB, Hopwood DV, Chisholm DM. Evidence for field change in oral cancer based on cytokeratin expression. Br J Cancer. 1993;67(6):1324–30.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Fillies T, Jogschies M, Kleinheinz J, Brandt B, Joos U, Buerger H. Cytokeratin alteration in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2007;18(3):639–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Fillies T, Werkmeister R, Packeisen J, et al. Cytokeratin 8/18 expression indicates a poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. BMC Cancer. 2006;6(10):1471.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Ram Prassad VV, Nirmala NR, Kotian MS. Immunohistochemical evaluation of expression of cytokeratin 19 in different histological grades of leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J Dent Res. 2005;16(1):6–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Gillison M, Koch W, Capone R, et al. Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(9):709–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Syrjanen S. Human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer. J Clin Virol. 2005;32(Supp. 1): S59.

    Google Scholar 

  151. McKaig RG, Baric RS, Olshan AF. Human papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: epidemiology and molecular biology. Head Neck. 1998;20(3):250–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Chernock R, El-Mofty SK, Thorstad WL, Parvin CA, Lewis Jr JS. HPV-related nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: utility of microscopic features in predicting patient outcome. Head Neck Pathol. 2009;3(3):186–94.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Winters R, Naud S, Evans M, Trotman W, Kasznica P, Elhosseiny A. Ber-EP4, CK1, CK7 and CK14 are useful markers for basaloid squamous carcinoma: a study of 45 cases. Head Neck Pathol. 2008;2(4):265–71.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. van der Velden LA, Schaafsma HE, Manni JJ, Ramaekers FC, Kuijpers W. Expression of cytokeratin subtypes and vimentin in squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and the mobile tongue. Otorhinolaryngol Nova. 2001;11(3–4):186–92.

    Google Scholar 

  155. van der Velden LA, Schaafsma HE, Manni JJ, Ruiter DJ, Ramaekers FC, Kuijpers W. Cytokeratin and vimentin expression in normal epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;254(8):376–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Fregonesi PA, Teresa DB, Duarte RA, Neto CB, de Oliveira MR, Soares CP. p16(INK4A) immunohistochemical overexpression in premalignant and malignant oral lesions infected with human papillomavirus. J Histochem Cytochem. 2003;51(10):1291–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Singhi A, Westra W. Comparison of human papillomavirus in situ hybridization and p16 immunohistochemistry in the detection of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer based on a prospective clinical experience. Cancer. 2010;116(9):2166–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Leonardi E, Dalri P, Pusiol T, Valdagni R, Piscioli F. Spindle-cell squamous carcinoma of head and neck region: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eight cases. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1986;48(5):275–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Barnes L. Surgical pathology of the head and neck, vol. 1. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Dekker; 2001. p. 786.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Barnes L. Surgical pathology of the head and neck, vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Dekker; 2001. p. 649.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Barnes L. Surgical pathology of the head and neck, vol. 3. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Dekker; 2001. p. 772.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Serrano MF, El-Mofty SK, Gnepp DR, Lewis Jr JS. Utility of high molecular weight cytokeratins, but not p63, in the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine and basaloid carcinomas of the head and neck. Hum Pathol. 2008;39(4):591–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Chapman-Fredricks J, Jorda M, Gomez-Fernandez C. A limited immunohistochemical panel helps differentiate small cell epithelial malignancies of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2009;17(3):207–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Banks ER, Frierson Jr HF, Mills SE, George E, Zarbo RJ, Swanson PE. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 40 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16(10):939–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Hutcheson JA, Vural E, Korourian S, Hanna E. Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope. 2009;110(6):946–8.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Gandour-Edwards R, Kapadia SB, Barnes L, Donald PJ, Janecka IP. Neural cell adhesion molecule in adenoid cystic carcinoma invading the skull base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117(5):453–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Morice WG, Ferreiro JA. Distinction of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma from adenoid cystic and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol. 1998;29(6):609–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Lee JS, Ko IJ, Jun SY, Kim JY. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Nasal Cavity. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;2(4):207–10.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Franchi A, Moroni M, Massi D, Paglierani M, Santucci M. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, nasopharyngeal-type undifferentiated carcinoma, and keratinizing and nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma express different cytokeratin patterns. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(12):1597–604.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. El-Mofty SK, Patil S. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma: characterization of a distinct phenotype. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(3):339–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Friedrich RE, Bartel-Friedrich S, Lobeck H, Niedobitek G, Arps H. Epstein-Barr virus DNA and epithelial markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2003;192(3):141–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Bar-Sela G, Kuten A, Ben-Eliezer S, Gov-Ari E, Ben-Izhak O. Expression of HER2 and C-KIT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: implications for a new therapeutic approach. Mod Pathol. 2003;16(10):1035–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Jeng YM, Sung MT, Fang CL, et al. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and nasopharyngeal-type undifferentiated carcinoma: two clinically, biologically, and histopathologically distinct entities. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(3):371–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Bellizzi AM, Bruzzi C, French CA, Stelow EB. The cytologic features of NUT midline carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol. 2009;117(6):508–15.

    Google Scholar 

  175. French CA, Kutok JL, Faquin WC, et al. Midline carcinoma of children and young adults with NUT rearrangement. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(20):4135–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Haack H, Johnson LA, Fry CJ, et al. Diagnosis of NUT midline carcinoma using a NUT-specific monoclonal antibody. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(7):984–91.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Stelow EB, Bellizzi AM, Taneja K, et al. NUT rearrangement in undifferentiated carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(6):828–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Russell-Jones R, Orchard G, Zelger B, Wilson-Jones E. Immunostaining for CD31 and CD34 in Kaposi sarcoma. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48(11):1011–106.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Zhang YM, Bachmann S, Hemmer C, et al. Vascular origin of Kaposi's sarcoma. Expression of leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, thrombomodulin, and tissue factor. Am J Pathol. 1994;144(1):51–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Manning T, Smoller BR, Horn TD, et al. Evaluation of anti-thrombomodulin antibody as a tumor marker for vascular neoplasms. J Cutan Pathol. 2004;31(10):652–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Chan JK, Suster S, Wenig BM, Tsang WY, Chan JB, Lau AL. Cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity distinguishes Merkel cell (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine) carcinomas and salivary gland small cell carcinomas from small cell carcinomas of various sites. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21(2):226–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Nagao T, Gaffey TA, Olsen KD, Serizawa H, Lewis JE. Small cell carcinoma fo the major salivary glands: clinicopathologic study with emphasis on cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity and clinical outcome. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(6):762.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Woodruff JM, Senie RT. Atypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx. A critical review of the literature. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1991;53(4):194–209.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Ferlito A, Rinaldo A. Primary and secondary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx: a review. Head Neck. 2008;30(4):518–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Hirsch MS, Faquin WC, Krane JF. Thyroid transcription factor-1, but not p53, is helpful in distinguishing moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(6):631–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Faragalla H, Weinreb I. Olfactory neuroblastoma: a review and update. Adv Anat Pathol. 2009;16(5):322–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Thompson LD, Miettinen M, Wenig BM. Sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis of 104 cases showing perivascular myoid differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(6):737–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. McKinney CD, Mills SE, Franquemont DW. Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma: immunohistochemical profile and comparison with colonic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol. 1995;8(4):421–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Jo VY, Mills SE, Cathro HP, Carlson DL, Stelow EB. Low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas: the association with and distinction from respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas and other glandular lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(3):401–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Vega F, Chang CC, Medeiros LJ, et al. Plasmablastic lymphomas and plasmablastic plasma cell myelomas have nearly identical immunophenotypic profiles. Mod Pathol. 2005;18(6):806–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Colomo L, Loong F, Rives S, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic differentiation represent a heterogeneous group of disease entities. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(6):736–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Cerilli LA, Holst VA, Brandwein MS, Stoler MH, Mills SE. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: immunohistochemical profile and lack of EBV association. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25(2):156–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Thompson LD. Sinonasal carcinomas. Curr Diagn Pathol. 2006;12(1):40–53.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Iezzoni JC, Mills SE. "Undifferentiated" small round cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: differential diagnosis update. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;124(Suppl):S110–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Hirano T. Immunohistochemical study of malignant melanoma. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1986;36(5):733–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Carbone A, Gloghini A, Rinaldo A, Devaney KO, Tubbs R, Ferlito A. True identity by immunohistochemistry and molecular morphology of undifferentiated malignancies of the head and neck. Head Neck. 2009;31(7):949–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Ejaz A, Wenig BM. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: clinical and pathologic features and a discussion on classification, cellular differentiation, and differential diagnosis. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005;12(3):134–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Cordes B, Williams MD, Tirado Y, et al. Molecular and phenotypic analysis of poorly differentiated sinonasal neoplasms: an integrated approach for early diagnosis and classification. Hum Pathol. 2009;40(3):283–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Sung CO, Ko YH, Park S, Kim K, Kim W. Immunoreactivity of CD99 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: unexpected frequent expression in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Korean Med Sci. 2005;20(6):952–6.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Finke NM, Lae ME, Lloyd RV, Gehani SK, Nascimento AG. Sinonasal desmoplastic small round cell tumor: a case report. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(6):799–803.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Hirakawa N, Naka T, Yamamoto I, Fukuda T, Tsuneyoshi M. Overexpression of bcl-2 protein in synovial sarcoma: a comparative study of other soft tissue spindle cell sarcomas and an additional analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hum Pathol. 1996;27(10):1060–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. Kim JW, Kong IG, Lee CH, et al. Expression of Bcl-2 in olfactory neuroblastoma and its association with chemotherapy and survival. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139(5):708–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. Olsen SH, Thomas DG, Lucas DR. Cluster analysis of immunohistochemical profiles in synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and Ewing sarcoma. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(5):659–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. Sebire NJ, Gibson S, Rampling D, Williams S, Malone M, Ramsay AD. Immunohistochemical findings in embryonal small round cell tumors with molecular diagnostic confirmation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2005;13(1):1–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  205. Liu Q, Ohshima K, Sumie A, Suzushima H, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi M. Nasal CD56 positive small round cell tumors. Differential diagnosis of hematological, neurogenic, and myogenic neoplasms. Virchows Arch. 2001;438(3):271–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  206. Folpe AL, Schmidt RA, Chapman D, Gown AM. Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: immunohistochemical distinction from primitive neuroectodermal tumors and high-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22(6):673–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  207. Gu M, Antonescu CR, Guiter G, Huvos AG, Ladanyi M, Zakowski MF. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in Ewing's sarcoma: prevalence in 50 cases confirmed by molecular diagnostic studies. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(3):410–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Creager A. Immunohistochemical, molecular, and cytogenetic analysis of bone and soft tissue tumors. In: Diagnostic musculoskeletal surgical pathology. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2004

    Google Scholar 

  209. Yasuda T, Perry KD, Nelson M, et al. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck region in older adults: genetic characterization and a review of the literature. Hum Pathol. 2009;40(3):341–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  210. Bahrami A, Gown AM, Baird GS, Hicks MJ, Folpe AL. Aberrant expression of epithelial and neuroendocrine markers in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a potentially serious diagnostic pitfall. Mod Pathol. 2008;21(7):795–806.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Enzinger and Weiss’s soft tissue tumors. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2008. p. 1257.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Li TJ, Yu SF, Gao Y, Wang EB. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study of 5 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125(12):1566–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Dong Q, Pan S, Sun LS, Li TJ. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a clinicopathologic study of 61 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(2):271–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Piattelli A, Fioroni M, Iezzi G, Rubini C. Calretinin expression in odontogenic cysts. J Endod. 2003;29(6):394–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Ogden GR, Chisholm DM, Kiddie RA, Lane DP. p53 protein in odontogenic cysts: increased expression in some odontogenic keratocysts. J Clin Pathol. 1992;45(11):1007–110.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Malcic A, Jukic S, Anic I, et al. Alterations of FHIT and P53 genes in keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous and radicular cyst. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008;37(5):294–301.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Altini M, Coleman H, Doglioni C, Favia G, Maiorano E. Calretinin expression in ameloblastomas. Histopathology. 2000;37(1):27–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  218. Devilliers P, Liu H, Suggs C, et al. Calretinin expression in the differential diagnosis of human ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(2):256–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  219. Eslami M, Eshghyar N, Tirgari F, Rezvani G. Ki-67 expression in unicystic ameloblastoma and dentigerous cyst. J Dent Med School Dent Tehran Univ Med Sci. 2004;17(1):70–7.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Lo Muzio L, Santarelli A, Caltabiano R, et al. p63 expression in odontogenic cysts. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(6):668–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  221. Nakazato Y, Ishida Y, Takahashi K, Suzuki K. Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal and neoplastic salivary glands. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1985;405(3):299–310.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Mukunyadzi P, Ai L, Portilla D, Barnes EL, Fan CY. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in salivary duct carcinoma: immunohistochemical analysis of 15 cases. Mod Pathol. 2003;16(12):1218–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. Sygut D, Bien S, Ziolkowska M, Sporny S. Immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptor in salivary gland cancers. Pol J Pathol. 2008;59(4):205–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  224. Barnes L, Rao U, Contis L, Krause J, Schwartz A, Scalamogna P. Salivary duct carcinoma. Part II. Immunohistochemical evaluation of 13 cases for estrogen and progesterone receptors, cathepsin D, and c-erbB-2 protein. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994;78(1):74–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Nasser SM, Faquin WC, Dayal Y. Expression of androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors in salivary gland tumors. Frequent expression of androgen receptor in a subset of malignant salivary gland tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119(6):801–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health System, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA, 17822-0131, USA

    Conrad Schuerch MD & Shaobo Zhu MD

Authors
  1. Conrad Schuerch MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shaobo Zhu MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Conrad Schuerch MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA

    Fan Lin

  2. Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jeffrey Prichard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schuerch, C., Zhu, S. (2015). Salivary Glands and Head and Neck. In: Lin, F., Prichard, J. (eds) Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1578-1_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1578-1_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1577-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1578-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation