Abstract
A pacemaker is an electronic device designed to provide an electrical impulse to the heart at a programmed rate in order to maintain adequate cardiac function. A pacemaker is inserted for the following indications: severe bradycardia, i.e., HR 20–30s, sick sinus syndrome, complete heart block, brady-tachy syndrome. The initial key step in pacemaker insertion is to gain access into the central venous system by way of the subclavian, internal jugular, or cephalic veins. Fluoroscopy C-arm is utilized to visualize proper placement of the atrial/ventricular leads. The ventricular lead is typically inserted first and once confirmation of proper placement, the atrial lead (if indicated) is subsequently inserted.
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Aggarwal RK, Connelly DT, Ray SG, Ball J, Charles RG. Early complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: no difference between dual and single chamber systems. Br Heart J. 1995;73(6):571–5.
Armaganijan LV, Toff WD, Nielsen JC, Andersen HR, Connolly SJ, Ellenbogen KA, Healey JS. Are elderly patients at increased risk of complications following pacemaker implantation? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(2):131–4.
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Duremdes, G.B. (2015). Pacemakers. In: Halverson, A., Borgstrom, D. (eds) Advanced Surgical Techniques for Rural Surgeons. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1495-1_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1495-1_20
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