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Developmental Neuronal Elimination

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Microglia in Health and Disease

Abstract

Microglia, the brain’s innate immune cell type, are cells of mesodermal origin that populate the central nervous system (CNS) during early development. Their functions which are best characterized in the developing CNS are related to programmed cell death (PCD), a physiological process that massively affects neural cell lineages and contributes to brain morphogenesis and neuronal network maturation. Although relatively scarce before advanced developmental stages, microglia can remove dead cells in an effective manner due to their migratory and phagocytic behavior. Recent studies indicate that microglia do not only scavenge cell corpses, but also eliminate neural progenitors cells and trigger or induce PCD in different types of developing neurons. Conversely, microglia were also found to promote the neuronal survival by their release of trophic factors. In this chapter we shall discuss the functional involvement of microglia in the loss of neural cells during normal development and review the mechanisms and cell signalling that underlie microglial regulation of PCD and elimination of dead cells.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2010-19981) and from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-NEURO-028). The authors thank Richard Davies for improving the English.

Statement of Interest: None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, E-18071, Spain

    José L. Marín-Teva Ph.D., Julio Navascués Ph.D. & Ana Sierra

  2. Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UPMC/InsermUMR_S1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, 75013, France

    Michel Mallat M.D. Ph.D.

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  1. José L. Marín-Teva Ph.D.
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  2. Julio Navascués Ph.D.
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  3. Ana Sierra
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  4. Michel Mallat M.D. Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to José L. Marín-Teva Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du, CHU de Québec, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada

    Marie-Ève Tremblay

  2. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, EHU/UPV, Ikerbasque Foundation, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain

    Amanda Sierra

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Marín-Teva, J.L., Navascués, J., Sierra, A., Mallat, M. (2014). Developmental Neuronal Elimination. In: Tremblay, MÈ., Sierra, A. (eds) Microglia in Health and Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1429-6_7

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