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Drugs of Abuse and NeuroAIDS: Opiates

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Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration

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Abstract

Opiate abuse is a major global health problem, due in part to the fact that the HIV infection often occurs with intravenous drug abuse. There is strong clinical and preclinical evidence that opiate abuse promotes the neurodegeneration that can occur in association with HIV infection. Morphine or heroin can exert direct neurotoxic effects on neuronal cells and alter neuronal function. In addition, opiate administration after the virus infection has been established can exacerbate the neurotoxic properties of some of the HIV products. This can include the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators including both cytokines and chemokines and a loss of blood–brain barrier integrity. It is also clear that the activation of opioid receptors by agonists like morphine can initiate cross-talk interactions with other receptors, most notably the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Opiates clearly exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, and our understanding of how these opposing influences are balanced in both the brain and periphery is rapidly advancing.

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  1. Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Thomas J. Rogers Ph.D.

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  1. Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Phillip K. Peterson

  2. Department of Biochemistry Department of Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Michal Toborek

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Rogers, T.J. (2014). Drugs of Abuse and NeuroAIDS: Opiates. In: Peterson, P., Toborek, M. (eds) Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1071-7_22

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