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Epigenetic Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Prevention: What Can Nutrition Do?

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Molecular mechanisms and physiology of disease

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Abstract

Colon cancer is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Colon cancer occurs as a consequence of the accumulation of abnormal DNA methylation and the disruption of the histone code. The present review summarizes etiology and risk factors of colon cancer and the potential of nutrition to counteract these cancer-related epigenetic alterations. Unlike the genome, epigenetic structure can be reshaped, which has the potential to offer access for the prevention and treatment of cancer by any compounds that directly target the epigenome by influencing the activity or expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone modifying enzymes. Epigenetic processes are detailed thoroughly and the molecular details of carcinogenesis and colon cancer prevention are reviewed comprehensively. The review also includes specific dietary components, including chromatin modifiers and anti-inflammatory agents, that can directly influence cancer cell growth. Overall, information is still mainly derived from in vitro investigations, and data from animal models or human intervention studies that demonstrate the functional relevance of epigenetic mechanisms for health promoting or cancer preventive efficacy are limited. With the emergence of novel technologies, future research exploring epigenomics will help to better understand the importance of epigenetic mechanisms for nutrition in cancer prevention.

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Acknowledgments

This publication or project was made possible by Grant Number P50AT006268 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicines (NCCAM), the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCCAM, ODS, NCI, or the National Institutes of Health.

The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Rita S. Strakovsky (University of Illinois) for her critical reading and helpful comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrient-gene and Epigenetics Group (NEG), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Yuan-Xiang Pan, Yukun Zhang & Hong Chen

  2. Food Science and Human Nutrition (FSHN), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 461 Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Yuan-Xiang Pan, Yukun Zhang & Hong Chen

  3. Division of Nutritional Sciences (DNS), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Yuan-Xiang Pan & Hong Chen

  4. Illinois Informatics Institute (I3), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Yuan-Xiang Pan

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  1. Yuan-Xiang Pan
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  2. Yukun Zhang
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Correspondence to Yuan-Xiang Pan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery Molecular cardiology and Angiogenesis, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

    Nilanjana Maulik

  2. Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Tom Karagiannis

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Pan, YX., Zhang, Y., Chen, H. (2014). Epigenetic Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Prevention: What Can Nutrition Do?. In: Maulik, N., Karagiannis, T. (eds) Molecular mechanisms and physiology of disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0706-9_15

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