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Oxidative Stress in Kawasaki Disease

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Studies on Pediatric Disorders

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Abstract

There exists a close association between inflammation and oxidative stress. Further, oxidative stress plays a role in the pathology of inflammation-based Kawasaki disease. An excessive in vivo production of reactive oxygen species results in oxidative stress load, which triggers a never-ending vicious spiral of inflammatory reactions and reactive oxygen metabolites. This forms the basis for acute stage Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease involves multiple intricately connected inflammatory reactions activated via a cytokine cascade. Features of Kawasaki disease suggest an infectious cause; however, this has not been clarified yet.

Although inflammation in the blood vessels and oxidative stress can be rapidly controlled by acute medical treatment, both conditions may persist and manifest in many forms over long periods. This has been identified in recent years as a problem in the chronic phase of Kawasaki disease. Further, both vascular inflammation and oxidative stress constantly inflict damage to the blood vessels, and are widely speculated to increase the risk of arteriosclerosis. The current discussion focuses on whether these features have implications in Kawasaki disease.

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Abbreviations

BAP:

Biological antioxidant potential

CRP:

C-reactive protein

EDRF:

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor

eNOS:

Endothelial NO synthase

%FMD:

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation response

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

iNOS:

Inducible NO synthase

IVIG:

Intravenous immunoglobulin

KD:

Kawasaki disease

NADH/NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NE:

Neutrophil elastase

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

ROM:

Reactive oxygen metabolites

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TAT:

Thrombin-antithrombin complex

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan

    Tomoyo Yahata & Kenji Hamaoka M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Tomoyo Yahata
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  2. Kenji Hamaoka M.D., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenji Hamaoka M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

    Hirokazu Tsukahara

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

    Kazunari Kaneko

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Yahata, T., Hamaoka, K. (2014). Oxidative Stress in Kawasaki Disease. In: Tsukahara, H., Kaneko, K. (eds) Studies on Pediatric Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0679-6_16

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