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NMR Spectroscopy on Flavins and Flavoproteins

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Flavins and Flavoproteins

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1146))

Abstract

1H-, 11B-, 13C-, 15N-, 17O-, 19F-, and 31P-NMR chemical shifts of flavocoenzymes and derivatives of it, as well as of alloxazines and isoalloxazinium salts, from NMR experiments performed under various experimental conditions (e.g., dependence of the chemical shifts on temperature, concentration, solvent polarity, and pH) are reported. Also solid-state 13C- and 15N-NMR experiments are described revealing the anisotropic values of corresponding chemical shifts. These data, in combination with a number of coupling constants, led to a detailed description of the electronic structure of oxidized and reduced flavins. The data also demonstrate that the structure of oxidized flavin can assume a configuration deviating from coplanarity, depending on substitutions in the isoalloxazine ring, while that of reduced flavin exhibits several configurations, from almost planar to quite bended. The complexes formed between oxidized flavin and metal ions or organic molecules revealed three coordination sites with metal ions (depending on the chemical nature of the ion), and specific interactions between the pyrimidine moiety of flavin and organic molecules, mimicking specific interactions between apoflavoproteins and their coenzymes.

Most NMR studies on flavoproteins were performed using 13C- and 15N-substituted coenzymes, either specifically enriched in the pterin moiety of flavin or uniformly labeled flavins. The chemical shifts of free flavins are used as a guide in the interpretation of the chemical shifts observed in flavoproteins. Although the hydrogen-bonding pattern in oxidized and reduced flavoproteins varies considerably, no correlation is obvious between these patterns and the corresponding redox potentials. In all reduced flavoproteins the N(1)H group of the flavocoenzyme is deprotonated, an exception is thioredoxin reductase. Three-dimensional structures of only a few flavoproteins, mostly belonging to the family of flavodoxins, have been solved. Also the kinetics of unfolding and refolding of flavodoxins has been investigated by NMR techniques. In addition, 31P-NMR data of all so far studied flavoproteins and some 19F-NMR spectra are discussed.

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  1. Wylstrasse 13, CH-6052, Hergiswil, Switzerland

    Franz Müller

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  1. Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany

    Stefan Weber

  2. Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany

    Erik Schleicher

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Müller, F. (2014). NMR Spectroscopy on Flavins and Flavoproteins. In: Weber, S., Schleicher, E. (eds) Flavins and Flavoproteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1146. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0452-5_11

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