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Market Access and Trade

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Socio-Economic Considerations in Biotechnology Regulation

Part of the book series: Natural Resource Management and Policy ((NRMP,volume 37))

Abstract

The study of international trade is divided into three general areas—trade policy analysis, trade theory, and empirical studies of trade. Trade policy analysis focuses on the economic impacts that different forms of government intervention have on international trade. It is well known that any government intervention in the economy has a redistributive role, resulting in winners and losers. The role of trade policy analysis is to identify the two groups, to estimate the benefits and costs of any measure that impacts trade and to improve the overall policy making process (Kerr 2007). Several approaches can be utilized to quantify the impacts of different trade/domestic measures, the choice of which depends on the type of research question.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a comprehensive literature review on the trade impacts of GMOs adoption, see Gruère (2009).

  2. 2.

    See also: Berwald et al. (2006); Gaisford and Lau (2001); Lapan and Moschini (2004); Sobolevsky et al. (2005); Gruère (2011).

  3. 3.

    For the other comparisons see Isaac et al. (2002).

  4. 4.

    PGM is lower than PNGM due to perceived quality differences.

  5. 5.

    See also: Anderson and Jackson (2005b); Anderson et al. (2008); Gruère et al. (2007); Huang et al. (2004); Nielsen et al. (2003).

  6. 6.

    Domestic and foreign products are not perfect substitutes and, thus, products are differentiated by the country of origin (Armington 1969).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

    Crina Viju

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  1. Crina Viju
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Correspondence to Crina Viju .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Law, Monash University, VIC, Australia

    Karinne Ludlow

  2. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

    Stuart J. Smyth

  3. International Food Policy Research Inst., Washington, DC, District of Columbia, USA

    José Falck-Zepeda

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Viju, C. (2014). Market Access and Trade. In: Ludlow, K., Smyth, S., Falck-Zepeda, J. (eds) Socio-Economic Considerations in Biotechnology Regulation. Natural Resource Management and Policy, vol 37. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9440-9_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9440-9_14

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9439-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9440-9

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