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Regulation of Chondrocyte Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Expression

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Proteases in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 7))

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases also known as MMPs are zinc-dependent endoproteases which process extracellular matrix proteins at neutral pH to regulate normal macromolecular protein turnover as well as those cellular events associated with the remodeling of tissue architecture. The MMP superfamily of proteins include the classical MMPs, MMP-1, -8, -13, and -18, the gelatinases, MMP-2, -9, stromelysins, MMP-3, -10, -11, matrilysins, MMP-7, MMP-26, membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs; MMP-14, -17, 24/25) the ADAMS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) also known as adamlysins and the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif). MMP genes are regulated principally via the activation of transcription factors induced by various growth factors and cytokine/cytokine receptor interactions which are pertinent to the tissue allostasis, but which are most critical to the pathophysiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The most important transcription factors known to be involved in regulating MMP gene expression include the synthesis and/or activation of NF-κB, Cbfa1, AP-1, Nmp4/CIZ, ELF3, c-Maf, KLF5 and Sp1 which interact with specific known sequences in the promoter region of MMP genes. In arthritis, protein kinase pathways are generally activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and other members of the IL-6 protein family. The transcription factors activated by these signaling mechanisms have traditionally been considered “undruggable.” However, recent experimental evidence indicates that inhibition of transcription factor synthesis and/or activation may be achieved which could be employed to suppress MMP gene activity.

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Acknowledgement

The Arthritis Research Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine is supported by an investigator-initiated project grant to Charles J. Malemud, Ph. D. from Genentech/Roche Group (South San Francisco, CA, USA).

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  1. Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Joseph M. Foley Building, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106-5076, USA

    Charles J. Malemud

  2. Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Charles J. Malemud

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Malemud, C.J. (2013). Regulation of Chondrocyte Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Expression. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N. (eds) Proteases in Health and Disease. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9233-7_5

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