Abstract
This chapter presents information on weather and climate effects in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). The effects are considered in two classifications: Operational effects and impacts, representing the short- to medium-term effects and responses and how these are managed by power system operators. Planning impacts, representing the longer term considerations that must be given to power system planning and development in order to accommodate increasing renewable energy generation and climatic changes. The main focus is on wind and solar power, both of which are already present in the NEM and both of which are forecast to increase significantly over the coming decade. Solar and wind variability and diversity are key characteristics for both operational and planning purposes and existing and proposed approaches are discussed.
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Notes
- 1.
The lower number is typical for earlier wind farms, in particular those with environmental constraints or transmission bottlenecks. Newer wind farms at favourable sites can achieve capacity factors of around 40 %.
- 2.
This system was introduced in late 2011, see AEMO press release: http://www.aemo.com.au/electricityops/0140-0055.html.
- 3.
Short-Term Projected Assessment of System Adequacy—a measure of the available generation to meet demand, covering the next 7 days.
- 4.
Medium-Term Projected Assessment of System Adequacy, covering a 2-year outlook period.
- 5.
Data available from: http://www.uqld.smartersoft.com.au/user/reportEnergy.php.
- 6.
- 7.
Further information is available from: http://aemo.com.au/forecasting/forecasting.html.
- 8.
More information on CREZ is available from: http://www.texascrezprojects.com/ or see Ecar Energy (2011).
References
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AEMO (2011a) 2011 Electricity statement of opportunities. Australian Energy Market Operator. http://aemo.com.au/planning/esoo2011.html. Accessed Aug 2011
AEMO (2011b) 2011 National Transmission Network Development Plan. Australian Energy Market Operator. http://aemo.com.au/planning/ntndp2011.html. Accessed Dec 2011
AEMO (2012a) Wind integration in electricity grids, work package 3—simulation using historical wind data. Australian Energy Market Operator. http://aemo.com.au/planning/0400-0056.pdf. Accessed Jan 2012
AEMO (2012c) Rooftop PV information paper—National Electricity Forecasting. Australian Energy Market Operator. http://aemo.com.au/electricity/~/media/Files/Other/Forecasting/Rooftop_PV_Information_Paper.ashx. Accessed June 2012
ASI (2012) A review of solar energy forecasting requirements and a proposed approach for the development of an Australian SOLAR Energy Forecasting System (ASEFS). CSIRO for Australian Solar Institute. http://www.australiansolarinstitute.com.au/SiteFiles/australiansolarinstitutecomau/ASI_Solar_Energy_Forecasting_Final_Report_-_Public_1.1.pdf. Accessed March 2012
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George, T., Hindsberger, M. (2014). Weather and Climate Impacts on Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM). In: Troccoli, A., Dubus, L., Haupt, S. (eds) Weather Matters for Energy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9221-4_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9221-4_7
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