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Vascular Adipose Complex

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Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue

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Abstract

An extensive, robust microvasculature is required to maintain the metabolic integrity of adipose tissue. This means that adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells maintain a constant communication that is mediated in part through paracrine signaling, a feature that requires cellular proximity. Adipocytes are atypical mesenchymal cells in that they form a basement membrane in the absence of direct contact with epithelial cells. Adipocyte development always occurs in context with a vascular plexus. Vascular endothelial cells interact with stromal support cells to produce a basement membrane complex. Thus, adipose tissue contains two basement membrane systems in close proximity. These two basement membrane systems also develop during the construction of a tissue engineered, pre-vascularized adipose tissue and form an integrated adipocyte/vascular complex. This complex contains the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. Perlecan is critical for angiogenesis since it sequesters, concentrates, and protects multiple pro-angiogenic bioactive factors. The basement membrane/vascular complex remains stable upon implantation into a live host. Thus, the basement membrane may be a target for control of adipose tissue since it is critical for vascular function.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by a grant from the Ohio Third Frontier for the Clinical Tissue Engineering Center and it was also supported in part by a grant from the David and Virginia Baldwin Research Fund. The ASCs used for this study were provided by Drs. Keith March (University of Indiana, Indianapolis IN) and Farshid Guliak (Duke University, Durham, NC).

I would also like to thank Marilyn Baber, Dimitry Traktuev, Keith March, and Arnold Caplan who were co-authors of a previous study Biomaterials 32:9667, 2011 from which this chapter was adapted. Selected figures and Table 4.2 were adapted with permission of the publisher (Elsevier, B.V.).

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  1. Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    J. Michael Sorrell

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Correspondence to J. Michael Sorrell .

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  1. Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology (MT, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Yihai Cao

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Sorrell, J.M. (2013). Vascular Adipose Complex. In: Cao, Y. (eds) Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8069-3_4

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