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Vitamin K and Parenteral Nutrition

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

Abstract

Vitamin K deficiency is a common problem in the intensive care unit and a frequent cause of coagulopathy. Causes of vitamin K deficiency in the intensive care unit include prior deficiency, antibiotics, malabsorption, warfarin, and poor oral or enteral nutrition intake for prolonged periods of time and increased requirements. Vitamin K deficiency may also occur in patients totally dependent on parenteral nutrition depending on the parenteral nutrition prescription. For parenteral nutrition, vitamin K can be administered separately as an intravenous supplement, as part of lipid emulsions, or via a multivitamin commercial preparation. This chapter summarizes the role of vitamin K, its requirements, and its parenteral administration, safety, efficacy, and toxicity.

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Abbreviations

AI:

Adequate Intake

AMA:

American Medical Association

ASPEN:

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

AuSPEN:

Australian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

BMD:

Bone mineral density

ESPEN:

European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HTPN:

Home Total Parenteral Nutrition

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IM:

Intramuscularly

INR:

International Normalized Ratio

IV:

Intravenous

MBD:

Metabolic bone disease

NAG:

Nutrition Advisory Group

PN:

Parenteral nutrition

PT:

Prothrombin time

RDA:

Recommended Daily Allowances

SC:

Subcutaneous

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Rezvaneh Azad-armaki

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, 585 University Avenue Suite 9, N973, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Johane P. Allard

Authors
  1. Rezvaneh Azad-armaki
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  2. Johane P. Allard
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johane P. Allard .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Free London Hospitals, Barnet General Hospital, London, UK

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  3. King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  4. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

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Azad-armaki, R., Allard, J.P. (2015). Vitamin K and Parenteral Nutrition. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_82

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_82

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7837-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7836-2

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