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Developmental Control of Plasmodesmata Frequency, Structure, and Function

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Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants

Abstract

The plant’s cell connections called plasmodesmata mediate symplasmic communication processes which play a crucial role in the control of plant development. Several developmental regulators, including a variety of transcription factor proteins and sRNA species, have been shown to move through plasmodesmata in order to regulate gene expression non-cell-autonomously on the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. The symplasmic exchange of such regulatory molecules is a crucial element in the complex molecular networks controlling plant growth and morphogenesis. It is generally accepted that plasmodesmal communication is essential for the coordination of cell-division activity, cell-fate specification, tissue patterning, and organogenesis. Dynamics of the plasmodesmal networks in the developing tissues are supposed to facilitate modulations of the intercellular communication pathways which correlate with the developmental requirements. The symplasmic organization can be modulated to cause morphogenetic switches in response to environmental or endogenous signals. In the present review, we summarize the distinct modes by which structural and functional alterations of the plasmodesmal networks can be achieved, and we discuss possible molecular control mechanisms. Moreover, we will give an overview on the programmed developmental changes in the number, structure, and in the functional state of plasmodesmata which occur in growing plant tissues, including embryos, leaves, roots, and shoots during primary and secondary growth, as well as during the transition to flowering.

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Acknowledgements

K. E. was supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BE 1925/4-1, 4–2); M. G. W. was supported by a “Graduiertenstipendium der Justus Liebig Universitaet (JLU)” Giessen. For transmission electron microscopy, we used the equipment of the Zentrale Biotechnische Betriebeinheit (ZBB) of the JLU Giessen.

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  1. Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty 08, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Katrin Ehlers Ph.D.

  2. Quality Assurance, Planreal, Düsseldorfer Strasse 96-100, 40721, Hilden, Germany

    Maike Große Westerloh Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Katrin Ehlers Ph.D. .

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  1. Dept. Plant Morphology and Development, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

    Katarzyna Sokołowska

  2. Dept. of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology Faculty of Botany, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Paweł Sowiński

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Ehlers, K., Westerloh, M.G. (2013). Developmental Control of Plasmodesmata Frequency, Structure, and Function. In: Sokołowska, K., Sowiński, P. (eds) Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7765-5_2

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