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Characteristics of Symplasmic Transport

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Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants

Abstract

Symplasmic transport is possible in organisms of plants, fungi, and even in animals and some prokaryotes, where cell-to-cell protoplasmic junctions are present. However, a spectacular evolution of the symplasm was limited to plants, where highly efficient long-distance transport occurring inside the cells is responsible for the spread of molecules of different nature along the plant body of length up to tens of meters. Several aspects of symplasmic transport are considered in this chapter. A short review of the history of this research is presented with particular attention to old but still inspiring ideas and unanswered questions. Ultrastructure, phylogeny, and ontogeny of the symplasm as well as different mechanisms that allow symplasmic transport (diffusion, cytoplasmic streaming, and mass flow) are discussed thoroughly. Examples of tissues where symplasmic transport covers the distance of several or even more cells without participation of sieve tubes are also discussed, besides the strictly local cell-to-cell symplasmic transport and long-distance transport in phloem.

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Abbreviations

BS:

Bundle sheath

EBS:

Extended bundle sheath

KMS:

Kranz mesophyll

PCA:

Primary carbon assimilation

PCR:

Primary carbon reduction

PD:

Plasmodesma/plasmodesmata

PVM:

Paraveinal mesophyll

SEL:

Size exclusion limit

VP:

Vascular parenchyma

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Acknowledgements

I thank Dr. J. Fronk, Warsaw University, for critical reading of the manuscript. Financial support for the preparation of this manuscript was from grant National Science Centre, Poland, DEC-2012/05/B/NZ9/03407.

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  1. Department of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland

    Paweł Sowiński Ph.D., D.Sc.

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  1. Dept. Plant Morphology and Development, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

    Katarzyna Sokołowska

  2. Dept. of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology Faculty of Botany, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Paweł Sowiński

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Sowiński, P. (2013). Characteristics of Symplasmic Transport. In: Sokołowska, K., Sowiński, P. (eds) Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7765-5_1

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