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Toll-Like Receptor Function and Evolution in Primates

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Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

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Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important interface between vertebrate hosts and pathogens. From an evolutionary standpoint, these germline encoded receptors and their associated signaling pathways are interesting because they provide a window through which we can examine the relationships between primate environments, genomes, and immune responses. TLRs are key in host recognition of nonself and the activation of the innate immune response, a major determinant of host infection susceptibility and disease progression. TLR-initiated cell signaling not only forms an important part of host’s first line of defense against immune insult but also modulates adaptive immune responses. The efficacy of TLR-triggered immune responses has profound effects on host survival, with both overt and weak responses linked to host death. Despite sharing high genomic identity, primate species often manifest TLR-detected infectious pathogens differently (e.g., immunodeficiency viruses, Trypanosoma brucei, and Gram-negative bacteria). These differences suggest that primate TLR-triggered responses have diverged over time. In this chapter we review what is currently known about Toll-like receptor function and evolution in primates and discuss how studying the evolution of TLR-triggered immune responses may help explain disparities observed in microorganism-induced primate disease.

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Jessica F. Brinkworth

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA

    Kirstin N. Sterner

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, CHU Saint-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Jessica F. Brinkworth

  2. Department of Anthropology, Queens College, City University of New Y, New York, New York, USA

    Kate Pechenkina

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Brinkworth, J.F., Sterner, K.N. (2013). Toll-Like Receptor Function and Evolution in Primates. In: Brinkworth, J., Pechenkina, K. (eds) Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7181-3_4

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